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Integumentary > Week 1: Skin Anatomy > Flashcards

Week 1: Skin Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

How thick is the skin typically?

A

0.5-6mm (depending on area of body)

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2
Q

The skin receives _____ of the resting cardiac output.

A

1/3 (more if damaged)

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3
Q

How thick is the epidermis?

A

0.06-0.6 mm

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4
Q

Is the epidermis vascular or avascular?

A

avascular

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5
Q

How long does it take for cells to move from basale (germinativum) to the corneal layer?

A

14-21 days

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6
Q

What does the basement membrane do?

A

attaches the dermis to the epidermis

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7
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis (top-down)?

A 
Stratum Corneum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Germinativum (Basale)
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8
Q

What are the different epidermal cell types?

A

Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Merkel Cells
Langerhans Cells

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9
Q

Which cells are the tougher outer layer of the skin?

A

Keratinocytes

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10
Q

Which cells give skin their pigment and are located close to the basement membrane?

A

Melanocytes

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11
Q

Which cells are a type of mechanoreceptor and are anchored to the keratinocytes?

A

Merkel Cells

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12
Q

Which cells are the first line of defense in the epidermis?

A

Langerhans Cells

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13
Q

What are the epidermal appendages?

A

Hair
Sebaceous Glands
Sudoriferous Glands
Nails

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14
Q

What is the acid-base mantle?

A

skin has an acid-base mantle (a mixture of sweat and sebum that produces a 4-5.5 on the pH scale)

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15
Q

What are the 3 places on the body that that don’t have epidermal appendages?

A

Lips, ears, nails

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16
Q

What are the functions of the epidermis?

A
  • Provides a physical and chemical barrier
  • Regulates fluid
  • Provides light touch sensation
  • Assists with thermoregulation
  • Assists with excretion
  • Critical to endogenous vitamin D production
  • Contributes to cosmesis/appearance
17
Q

What are the dermal layers? (top-down)

A

Papillary dermis

Reticular dermis

18
Q

How thick is the dermis?

A

2.0-4.0 mm

19
Q

Is the dermis vascular or avascular?

A

Highly vascular

20
Q

What is the dense, irregularly arranged connective tissue layer that provides structural support?

A

Reticular dermis

21
Q

What else does the dermis contain?

A

superficial lymphatics, nerves and superficial nerve endings, extracellular matrix

22
Q

What are the dermal cell types?

A

Fibroblasts
Macrophages and White Blood Cells
Mast Cells

23
Q

What do mast cells do?

A

histamine

24
Q

What are the functions of the dermis?

A
  • Supports and nourishes epidermis
  • Houses epidermal appendages
  • Assists with infection control
  • Assists with thermoregulation
  • Provides sensation
25
Q

What are the different aspects of the subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)?

A

Adipose tissue
Fascia
Deeper tissues: muscles, tendons, ligaments, joint capsules, bone

26
Q

What are the functions of the adipose tissue?

A

Energy
Cushion
Insulation
Stores fat soluble vitamins (ADEK) and deeper lymphatic vessel

27
Q

What is fascia?

A

fibrous connective tissue that separates and surrounds structures (structural maintenance component)

28
Q

What is involved in superficial wounds?

A

epidermis only

29
Q

What is involved in partial-thickness wounds?

A

epidermis and part of dermis (will feel pain, pressure)

30
Q

What is involved in full-thickness wounds?

A

epidermis, dermis, into subcutaneous (possible muscle and/or bone)

31
Q

What are examples of superficial wounds?

A

abrasion, first-degree burn

32
Q

What are example of partial thickness wounds of the epidermis?

A

blister

33
Q

What are examples of partial thickness wounds of the dermis?

A

Second-degree burn, stage II pressure ulcer, Wagner grade I ulcer

34
Q

What are examples of full thickness wounds of the epidermis?

A

third-degree burns

35
Q

What are examples of full-thickness wounds of the dermis?

A

fourth-degree burns

36
Q

What are examples of full thickness wounds of the subcutaneous tissue?

A

stage III pressure

37
Q

What are examples of full thickness wounds of the deeper tissues?

A

Wagner grade 2-5 ulcer

Integumentary (12 decks)

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