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Anesthesia Pharmacology Medications > Week 2 Volatile Anesthetics > Flashcards

Week 2 Volatile Anesthetics Flashcards

1
Q

Nitrous Oxide
MAC
Blood:Gas Coefficient
Fat:Blood Coefficient

A

MAC 105
B:G 0.47
F:B 2.3

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2
Q

Halothane
MAC
Blood:Gas Coefficient
Fat:Blood Coefficient

A

MAC 0.74
B:G 2.3
F:B 60

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3
Q

Isoflurane
MAC
Blood:Gas Coefficient
Fat:Blood Coefficient

A

MAC 1.15
B:G 1.4
F:B 45

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4
Q

Desflurane
MAC
Blood:Gas Coefficient
Fat:Blood Coefficient

A

MAC 6
B:G 0.42
F:B 27

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5
Q

Sevoflurane
MAC
Blood:Gas Coefficient
Fat:Blood Coefficient

A

MAC 2
B:G 0.69
F:B 48

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6
Q 
What are the Saturated Vapor Pressures of the following gases:
Nitrous Oxide
Halothane
Isoflurane
Desflurane 
Sevoflurane
A 
Nitrous Oxide 39,000mmHg
Halothane 243mmHg
Isoflurane 240mmHg
Desflurane 669mmHg
Sevoflurane 160mmHg
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7
Q

Pulmonary Effects of ALL Volatile Anesthetics

A
  • Decreased Tidal Volume & RR (Dose Dependent)
  • Decreased FRC (Functional Residual Capacity)
  • Decreased Hypercapnia & Hypoxia Responses (Dose Dependent) *AKA Right Shift in CO2 Response Curve
  • Decreased Mucus Clearance
  • Increased EtCO2
  • Bronchodilation
  • Inhibits Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction= Vasodilation of pulmonary vasculature
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8
Q

Pulmonary Effects Specific to Isoflurane

A

MOST depression of Hypercapnia & Hypoxia Response

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9
Q

Pulmonary Effects Specific to Desflurane

A

Extremely NOXIOUS Pulmonary Irritant

Slight Tachypnea

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10
Q

Pulmonary Effects Specific to Sevoflurane

A

Least Airway Irritant=Great for Inhalation Inductions

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11
Q

Cardiovascular Effects of ALL Volatile Anesthetics

A
  • Decreased Myocardial Contractility (Negative Inotropy), SBP, SVR, & HR (Negative Chronotropy)
  • Cardioprotective Effects against Myocardial Ischemia
  • Weak Coronary Vasodilators
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12
Q

Cardiovascular Effects Specific to Isoflurane

A

-Decreased BP d/t Peripheral Vascular Resistance (AKA vasodilation)

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13
Q

Cardiovascular Effects Specific to Desflurane

A
  • Autonomic Tone is Important in CV responses!

- ABRUPT changes in Des concentration = Increased BP & HR!

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14
Q

Cardiovascular Effects Specific to Halothane

A
  • Decreased Arterial Blood Pressure (Hypotension)
  • Greatest Negative Inotropic effect!
  • Sensitizes the myocardium to ARRHYTHMOGENIC (Ventricular Ectopy) effects of Epinephrine –> Worse with HYPERcapnia!
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15
Q

Neurological Effects of ALL Volatile Anesthetics

A
  • Increased CBF, ICP
  • Decreased CMRO2, SomatoSensory Evoked Potentials
  • Muscle Relaxant Properties & Potentiation of NMBs
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16
Q

Neurological Effects Specific to Isoflurane

A

EEG Burst Suppression @ 1.5 MAC

17
Q

Which Anesthetics have Hepatic Effects? Describe.

A

Halothane Hepatitis d/t Hepatic metabolism of Halothane

18
Q

Renal Effects of ALL Volatile Anesthetics

A

Decreased Renal Blood Flow, Glomerular Filtration Rate, and Urine Output
*Caution with Sevo in Renal Disease patients

19
Q

Obstetrical Effects of ALL Volatile Anesthetics

A

Decreased Uterine blood flow & Uterine contractility

20
Q

What is the Obstetrical effects with Nitrous Oxide?

A

N2O decreases the activity of methionine synthetase & thymidylate synthetase which is important in RNA/DNA replication
*DON’T USE IN 1st TRIMESTER of Pregnancy!

21
Q

What are the Cardiovascular, Respiratory, & Neurological effects of Nitrous Oxide?

A

Cardiovascular: Increased SNS & arterial vasomotor tone
Respiratory: Decreased Tidal Volume & Increased RR
Reduced Hypercapnia & Hypoxia Responses
Neurological: Increased CBF, ICP, & CMRO2
Decreased Seizure threshold

Anesthesia Pharmacology Medications (9 decks)

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