Week 2 Vocabulary

Question 1

Chrodata

Answer 1

a phylum, named for the notochord

Question 2

Uro | chodate

Answer 2

“tail” chordate

few cm that filter feed with a basket-like perforated pharynx, most adults are sessile

Question 3

Cephalo | chordate

Answer 3

“head” chordate

25 species of lanclets

small, superfically fish-like marine animals, less than 5 cm

Question 4

Metazoans

Answer 4

multicellular heterotrophs, motile during their life cycle

Question 5

BIlateria

Answer 5

a phylam of animals that at some point in their life cycles have a body plan with two sides that are mirror imagery

Question 6

Pro | to | stomia

Answer 6

“earlier” “mouth”;

develops that mouth before the anus during gastrulation

defines all metazoans

Question 7

Deutero | stomia

Answer 7

“second” “mouth”

Question 8

Blasto | pore

Answer 8

the orignial embryonic gut opening

becomes the mouth of protostomed

or th anus of deutrostomes

“small opening”

Question 9

Echinoderm

Answer 9

part of the phylum echinodermata; lack a distinct head and have five fold symmetry

Question 10

Inversion hypothesis

Answer 10

the hypothesis that the dorsal and ventral sides of chordates were inverted at some point during their evolutionaty history

Question 11

myomeres

Answer 11

blocks of striated muscle fibers arranged along both sides of the body and separated by connective tissue sheets

Question 12

cerebral vessicle

Answer 12

brain of the lanclets, thickening at the front of the spinal cord

Question 13

olfactores

Answer 13

a grouping that includes vertebrates and cephalocordates, as they are sister taxon

Question 14

centrum

Answer 14

the main weigh supporting body of a vertebra that cushioned by the spinal disc

forms around the nerve cord and the notochord during development

Question 15

gnathostomes

Answer 15

vertebrates with jaws

Question 16

coelom

Answer 16

the formation of the body cavity in vertebrates from the solid mesoderm

Question 17

mesenteries

Answer 17

sheets of peritoneum usesd to suspend the gut in the peritoneal cavity

Question 18

Hox genes

Answer 18

regulate expression of the heirarchial network of developmental genes

occur in clustes that are arranged in the same linear sequences as the structures they control

Question 19

MicroRNA

Answer 19

are noncoding RNA sequences about 22 bases long that have been added to metazoan genome

regulate the synthesis of proteins by binding to complementary base sequences of messenger RNAs

Question 20

Neural crest

Answer 20

“fourth germ layer”

migratory ability and their ability to differentiare into many different types of cells in the body

Question 21

Placode

Answer 21

thickenings of the embryonic epiderm that give rise to various sensory and cutaneos structures

Question 22

Epithelial tissues

Answer 22

sheets of tightly connected cells and form the boundaries between the inside and the outside of the body and between compartments within the body

Question 23

Muscle tissues

Answer 23

made of actin and myosin

they work together to cause muscle cells to contract and exert force

Question 24

Neural tissues

Answer 24

neurons and glial cells that transmit information and insulation between neurons and surroundings

Question 25

Connective tissues

Answer 25

provide structural support, protection, and strength

Question 26

Dermal bone

Answer 26

formed in the skin and lacks a cartilagenous precursor

Question 27

Endochondral bone

Answer 27

made of osteocyed that form from a caartilagnous precousr within the body; unique to body fish and tetrapods

Question 28

Perichondral bone

Answer 28

formed deep in the body but forms in perichondral membrane around cartilage or bone

Question 29

Dermato | cranuim

Answer 29

“skin” “skull”

forms in the skin as an outer cover ;
anterior- neural crest
posterior- regular mesoderm

Question 30

Blood

Answer 30

fluid connective tissue made of plasma, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and leukocytes

Question 31

Vestibular apparatus

Answer 31

originally structures in the inner ear

detect an animal’s position in space and these structures retain that function today in both water and land vertbrates