Week 1 Vocabulary

Question 1

Amnion

Answer 1

a fetal membrane that surrounds and cushions the embryo

Question 2

Amniotes

Answer 2

animals that possess an amnion

Question 3

Chond | richthyes

Answer 3

cartilidge fish

fish with skeletons made of cartilidge

Question 4

Holo | cephali

Answer 4

whole head

fish with a single gill covering over all 4 gills

Question 5

An | urans

Answer 5

without tails

Question 6

fetal membrane

Answer 6

membranes derived from the embryo rather than the mother

Question 7

derived characteristics

Answer 7

characters that have the same evolutionary origin and that differ from the ancestral condition

Question 8

apo | morphy

Answer 8

away from form

a derived characteristic

Question 9

syn | apo | morphies

Answer 9

together away from form

shared derived characteristic

Question 10

ancestral characters

Answer 10

characters that have been inherited unchanged from their ancestor

Question 11

plesio | morphies

Answer 11

near similar to the ancestor

ancestral characters

Question 12

sym | plesio | morphies

Answer 12

together near similar to the ancestor

shared ancestral characterisics

Question 13

parsimonious

Answer 13

phylogenetic branching sequences that require the least number of changes

Question 14

paraphyletic

Answer 14

beside

a taxon that includes the common ancestor but not all of its descendents

Question 15

sister group

Answer 15

a monophyletic lineage that is most closely related to a selected monophyletic lineage

the other branch of a clade

Question 16

crown group

Answer 16

can be extant or extinct
shares characters with the extant species
has all derived characters

Question 17

stem group

Answer 17

extinct forms in thelineage that lack some derived character

paraphyletic because all descendents are not contained

Question 18

hetero | chrony

Answer 18

different time

changes in times that genes are expressed during development

Question 19

Hetero | topy

Answer 19

different location

a change in the location of a gene’s expression

Question 20

paedo | morphosis

Answer 20

juvenille form

the stopping of development early redulting in an adult that retains body proportions of the juvenille

Question 21

Hetero | metry

Answer 21

different measure

changeds in development caused by changes in the amount of gene product

Question 22

transgenerational

Answer 22

expressed in successive generations

responsible for divergence in phylogenetic lineage- in evolutionary time

Question 23

intragenerational

Answer 23

changes that cannot be passed down

changes caused by environmental stimuli = “phenotypic plasticity”