Chapter 2 Book Notes

Question 1

Vertebrates are members of the phyla

Answer 1

Chordata

Question 2

What are the 3 classes of chordata

Answer 2

Vertebrate
urochodata
cephelochordata

Question 3

What is the kingdom that contains chordata and about 30 other phyla

Answer 3

Metazoan

Question 4

What two phyla are not triploblastic and what are they?

Answer 4

Sponges and cnidarians

they are diploblaastic

Question 5

What two germ layers are used by diploblast

Answer 5

ectoderm and endoderm

Question 6

what eon and era were bilaterians first seen

Answer 6

the end of the proterozoic eon during the Cambrian era

Question 7

What can contribute to the sudden apperance of metazoan diversification

Answer 7

frequency of hard parts in the body plan

fossil localities capable of preserving soft bodies

Question 8

what does the blastophore become on protostomes?

Answer 8

the mouth

Question 9

What is the first opening formed on deutrostomes?

Answer 9

the anus

Question 10

are chordates protostomes or deutrostomes?

Answer 10

deuterostomes

Question 11

What are the several shared derived characteristics of Chordates?

Answer 11

notochord
hollow, dorsal nerve chord
muscular post-anal
pharyngeal slits
endostyle/ thyroid

Question 12

what does the notchord become in vertebrates? what is it replaced by?

Answer 12

the invertebral disc and the vertebral column

Question 13

what are characteristics that are lost in tunicates

Answer 13

myomeres
caudal fin
reduced genome

Question 14

what characteristics are shared between tunicates and vertbrates?

Answer 14

genetic distinction between the hind- and midbrain

embryonic cells that may be homologous to neural crest cells

heart with rhythmic pacemaker

Question 15

when are the earliest vertebrates found, why were they interpreted as so?

Answer 15

cambrian sediments

the segmentation of dorsal structures = vertebrates

Question 16

what is the only group that has vertebrae with a centrum

Answer 16

gnathosomes

Question 17

What unique characteristics do vertebrates have

Answer 17

cranium
head
pituitary
mineralized tissues

Question 18

what are the 3 germ layers

Answer 18

ectodem
endoderm
mesoderm

Question 19

what is the fate of the ectoderm

Answer 19

superficial skin layers

majority of the nervous sysytem

Question 20

what is the fate of the endoderm

Answer 20

majority of the digestive tract lining

most repiratory surfaces

Question 21

what is the fate of the mesoderm

Answer 21

muscles
skeleton
connective tissuee
circulatory
urogenitals

Question 22

types of coelom

Answer 22

peritoneum

pericardium