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Bio > Week 2 - Tour of the cell > Flashcards

Week 2 - Tour of the cell Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

centrioles

A
  • two sets of microtubules arranged at right angles to eachother
  • located in a region near centrosome → microtubule organising centre near nucleus
  • organise microtubules into spindles used in cell division
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2
Q

cytoskeleton

A
  • Provides SHAPE, SUPPORT & MOVEMENT of eg. macromolecules/ organelles
  • fibres that extend through cytoplasm
  • anchors organelles → microfilaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments
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3
Q

microfilaments

A
  • two protein chains loosely twined together →contraction, crawling, ‘pinching’
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4
Q

microtubules

A
  • largest of cytosketeal elements
  • dimers of alpha- & beta- tubulin subunits
  • facilitate movement of cells & materials
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5
Q

intermediate filaments

A
  • between size of actin filaments & microtubules

- very stable, not usually broken down

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6
Q

peroxisomes

A

Similar to lysosomes

  • membrane bound vescicles
  • enclose enzymes

However

  • enzymes in peoxisomes are synthesized by free ribosomes in the cytoplasm
  • active in lipid metabolism
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7
Q

mitochondrion

A
  • double membrane
  • respiration
  • carbohydrate metabolism
  • ATP generation
  • contain own DNA & ribosomes, divide by binary fission
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8
Q

golgi apparatus

A

Stack of 3-20 flattened, curved saccules
Modifies proteins & lipids
- receives vesicles form ER on cis (inner) face
- preps proteins for ‘shipment’ in vesicles
- packages proteins into vesicles at trans (outer face)
- vesicles have several destinations
→ within cell ( lysosomes & ER)
→ export from cell (secretions, exocytosis

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9
Q

lysosomes

A

membrane bound vesicles contain digestive enzymes involved in RECYCLING OF CELLULAR MATERIALS inc. lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, carbs, & whole organelles

destroy cells or foreign matter that the cell has engulfed by phagocytosis

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10
Q

rough endoplasmic reticulum

A
  • studded w/ ribosomes

- involved in protein synthesis, modification & sorting

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11
Q

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A 
Lack of ribosomes
Site of:
- lipid synthesis
- detoxification reactions
- carbohydrate metabolism
- calcium balance
- synthesis (inc fat) & modification of lipids
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12
Q

endomembrane system

A
  • network of membranes enclosing nucleus; ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, golgi apparatus, lysosomes & vacuoles
  • includes plasma membrane
  • may be directly connected to eachother or pass materials via vesicles
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13
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A
  • network of membranes that are form flattened, fluid-filled tubules or cisternae
  • ER membrane encloses a single compartment called the ER lumen
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14
Q

nucleus

A
  • Storage of GENETIC MATERIAL
  • regulatio of DEVELOPMENT & METABOLISM
  • transcription of DNA to RNA
  • nucleolus contains RNA & PROTEIN
  • nucleo pores provide PASSAGEWAYS FOR MOVEMENT OF MATERIALS
  • dounle membrane - continuous w/ the ER
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15
Q

ribosomes

A

SITE OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

  • consists of large & small subunits → each composed of rRNA & PROTEINS
  • subunits assembled in the nucleus
  • translate some mRNA produced from transcription of DNA to protein
  • may be located on ER or free in cytosol
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16
Q

eukaryotic cells

A

PROTISTS, FUNGI, PLANTS, ANIMALS
- larger than prokaryotic cells

contain:

  • membrane bound nucleus → house DNA
  • specialised organelles
  • plasma membrane
  • some cells have a CELL WALL (plants)
17
Q

plasma membrane

A
  • boundary between cell and extracellular environment

functions:
- membrane transport in and out of cell →selectively permeable
- cell signalling using receptors
- cell adhesion

18
Q

light microsxope

A
  • uses light for illumination- maximum magnification 1000x
  • resolution om2 micrometres
  • 500x better than human eye
19
Q

electron microscopy

A

TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (TEM)

  • beam of electrons transmitted thorughsmp
  • thin slices strained w/ heavy metals
  • some electrons are scattered while other pass through to form an image

SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (SEM)

  • sample coated w/ heavy metal
  • beam scans surface to make 3d image
20
Q

prokaryotic cells

A
  • lacks a membrane - bound nucleus →DNA in nucleoid
  • cell wall outside of plasma membrane
  • contains ribosomes
  • ARCHAE & BACTERIA
21
Q

CELL THEORY

A
  • all living things are made up of cells
  • cells are the basic unit of structure & function in living things
  • cell structure is correlated to cellular function
  • all cells arwe produced from other cells
  • all cells are related by their decent from earier cells

Bio (14 decks)

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