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FINALS PHARMA > Week 2 - Topics 6-9 > Flashcards

Week 2 - Topics 6-9 Flashcards

1
Q

Also known as the “Visceral System”

A

Autonomic Nervous System

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2
Q

Acts on the smooth muscle and glands. It also regulates the heart, respiratory system, GI tract, bladder, eyes and glands

A

Autonomic Nervous System

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3
Q

The 2 sets of neurons in the ANS

A
  1. Afferent neurons
  2. Efferent neurons
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4
Q

This neuron sends impulses to the CNS where they are interpreted

A

Afferent neurons

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5
Q

This neuron receives the impulses from the brain and transmits those impulses through the spinal cord to the effector organ cells

A

Efferent neurons

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6
Q

Also called the “Adrenergic system”

A

Sympathetic Nervous System

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7
Q

Also known as the “Cholinergic System”

A

Parasympathetic Nervous System

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8
Q

Alpha 1, Alpha 2, Beta 1, and Beta 2 are considered as:

a. Parasympathetic Nervous System
b. Adrenergic receptor organ cells
c. Adrecholinergic receptor organ cells

A

b. Adrenergic receptor organ cells

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9
Q

It dilates the pupils

a. SNS
b. PNS

A

a. SNS

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10
Q

It constricts the bronchioles

A. PNS
B. NSS
C. SNS

A

C. PNS (Parasympathetic Nervous System)

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11
Q

It dilates the bronchioles

A. PNS
B. SNS

A

B. SNS (Sympathetic Nervous System)

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12
Q

It constricts the pupils

A. PNS
B. SNS

A

A. PNS

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13
Q

Relaxes smooth muscles in the GI tract

A. PNS
B. SNS

A

B. SNS (Sympathetic Nervous System)

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14
Q

It contracts smooth muscles of the stomach, intestine, and the bladder

A. PNS
B. SNS

A

A. PNS (Parasympathetic Nervous System)

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15
Q

Constricts blood vessels and increases heart rate

A. PNS
B. SNS

A

B. SNS (Sympathetic Nervous System)

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16
Q

Dilates the blood vessels and decreases heart rate

A. PNS
B. SNS

A

A. PNS (Parasympathetic Nervous System)

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17
Q

Increases peristalsis

A. PNS
B. SNS

A

A. PNS (Parasympathetic Nervous System)

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18
Q

Constricts the bladder and increases salivation

A. PNS
B. SNS

A

A. PNS (Parasympathetic Nervous System)

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19
Q

Relaxes both the bladder and uterine muscles

A. PNS
B. SNS

A

B. SNS (Sympathetic Nervous System)

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20
Q

Acts on the receptor cells

A

Adrenergics or Sympathomimetics or Adrenergic Agonists

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21
Q

Drugs that stimulates the sympathetic nervous system

A

Adrenergics or Sympathomimetics or Adrenergic Agonists

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22
Q

it is the SNS neurotransmitter

A

Norepinephrine

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23
Q

Topic: Effects of Adrenergic at Receptor

Q: The following effects of adrenergic belongs to what specific receptor?

Increases force of heart contraction
Vasoconstriction increases blood pressure
Mydriasis occurs
Decreases salivation
Increases urinary relaxation and urinary sphincter contraction

A. Alpha 2 Receptor
B. Alpha 1 Receptor
C. Beta 2 Receptor

A

B. Alpha 1 Receptor

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24
Q

Topic: Effects of Adrenergic at Receptor

Q: The following effects of adrenergic belongs to what specific receptor?

Inhibits the release of norepinephrine
Dilates blood vessels
Produce hypotension
Decrease gastrointestinal motility and tone

A. Alpha 2 Receptor
B. Beta 1 Receptor
C. Beta 2 Receptor

A

A. Alpha 2 Receptor

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25
Q

Topic: Effects of Adrenergic at Receptor

Q: The following effects of adrenergic belongs to what specific receptor?

Increases heart rate and force of contraction
Increases renin secretion
Increases blood pressure

A. Alpha 2 Receptor
B. Beta 1 Receptor
C. Beta 2 Receptor

A

B. Beta 1 Receptor

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26
Q

Topic: Effects of Adrenergic at Receptor

Q: The following effects of adrenergic belongs to what specific receptor?

Dilates the bronchioles
Promotes gastrointestinal and uterine relaxation
Promotes glyogenolysis
Increase blood flow in the skeletal muscles

A. Alpha 2 Receptor
B. Beta 1 Receptor
C. Beta 2 Receptor

A

C. Beta 2 Receptor

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27
Q

The 3 Classifications of Sympathomimetics

A
  1. Direct Acting
  2. Indirect Acting
  3. Mixed
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28
Q

Topic: Classifications of Sympathomimetics

Q: It stimulates adrenergic receptors

A. Direct Acting
B. Indirect Acting
C. Mixed

A

A. Direct Acting

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29
Q

Examples of Direct Acting

A

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

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30
Q

Topic: Classifications of Sympathomimetics

Q: It stimulates the release of norepinephrine from the terminal nerve endings

A. Direct Acting
B. Indirect Acting
C. Mixed

A

B. Indirect Acting

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31
Q

Examples of Indirect Acting

A

Amphetamine

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32
Q

Example of Mixed Classification of Sympathomimetics

A

Ephedrine

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33
Q

It is nonselective and acts on Alpha 1, Beta 1, and Beta 2 adrenergic sites

A

Epinephrine

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34
Q
  1. Maybe administered SQ, IV, topically, or inhalation, intracardiac
  2. Metabolized in the liver
  3. Excreted in the urine
A

Pharmacokinetics of Epinephrine

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35
Q
  1. Used to treat anaphylaxis
  2. Inotropic
  3. Increases cardiac output
  4. Increases systolic BP, heart rate, bronchodilation
  5. High doses may result to cardiac dysrhythmias
  6. Onset and peak are rapid
A

Pharmacodynamics of Epinephrine

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36
Q

Topic: Other Adrenergic Drugs

Q: It is used for shock - IV

A. Dopamine (Intropin)
B. Norepinephrine (Levophed)
C. Albuterol (Ventolin)

A

B. Norepinephrine (Levophed)

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37
Q

Topic: Other Adrenergic Drugs

Q: It is used to correct hypotension - IV

A. Dopamine (Intropin)
B. Norepinephrine (Levophed)
C. Albuterol (Ventolin)

A

A. Dopamine (Intropin)

38
Q

Topic: Other Adrenergic Drugs

Q: Instillation, nasal decongestant

A. Phenylephrine
B. Norepinephrine (Levophed)
C. Terbutaline sulfate

A

A. Phenylephrine

39
Q

Topic: Other Adrenergic Drugs

Q: Nasal decongestant, PO

A. Phenylpropanolamine
B. Norepinephrine (Levophed)
C. Terbutaline sulfate

A

A. Phenylpropanolamine

40
Q

Topic: Other Adrenergic Drugs

Q: To relieve bronchospasm

A. Dopamine (Intropin)
B. Norepinephrine (Levophed)
C. Albuterol (Ventolin)

A

C. Albuterol (Ventolin)

41
Q

Topic: Other Adrenergic Drugs

Q: What is the two routes used for Terbutaline sulfate

A. IM, IV
B. IV, ID
C. PO, IV
D. Ibang lesson yung tanong

A

C. PO, IV

42
Q

1) Record client’s vital signs
2) Check urinary output and assess bladder distention
3) Offer food when giving the drug
4) Evaluate blood glucose level

A

Nursing Responsibilities: Adrenergics/Antagonists

43
Q

1) Instruct client to read the label of OTC meds
2) Advise nursing mothers not to take these drugs
3) Explain rebound congestion
4) Encourage to report side effects

A

Client Teaching: Adrenergics/Antagonists

44
Q

Also called as “Antagonists” or “Sympatholytics”

A

Adrenergic Blockers

45
Q

It blocks the effects of adrenergic neurotransmitters

A

Adrenergic Blockers

46
Q

Topic: Effects of Adrenergic Blockers at Receptors

Q: The following effects of adrenergic blockers belongs to what specific receptor?

Decreases heart rate
Reduces force of contraction

A. Alpha 1 Receptor
B. Beta 1 Receptor
C. Beta 2 Receptor

A

B. Beta 1 Receptor

47
Q

Topic: Effects of Adrenergic Blockers at Receptors

Q: The following effects of adrenergic blockers belongs to what specific receptor?

Constricts bronchioles
Contracts uterus inhibits glycogenolysis

A. Alpha 1 Receptor
B. Beta 1 Receptor
C. Beta 2 Receptor

A

C. Beta 2 Receptor

48
Q

Topic: Effects of Adrenergic Blockers at Receptors

Q: The following effects of adrenergic blockers belongs to what specific receptor?

Vasodilation
Decrease BP
Miosis suppresses ejaculation
Reduces contraction of smooth muscles in the bladder and prostate gland

A. Alpha 1 Receptor
B. Beta 1 Receptor
C. Beta 2 Receptor

A

A. Alpha 1 Receptor

49
Q

Topic: Alpha Adrenergic Blockers

Q: It blocks alpha 1

A. Non-selective Alpha Blockers
B. Selective Alpha Blockers

A

B. Selective Alpha Blockers

50
Q

Topic: Alpha Adrenergic Blockers

Q: It blocks Alpha 1 and Alpha 2

A. Non-selective Alpha Blockers
B. Selective Alpha Blockers

A

A. Non-selective Alpha Blockers

51
Q

Topic: Selective Alpha Adrenergic Blockers

Q: Used for Hypotension - PO

A. Doxazosin mesylate (Regitine)
B. Terazosin (Hytrin)
C. Prazosin HCL (Minipress)

A

B. Terazosin (Hytrin)

52
Q

Topic: Selective Alpha Adrenergic Blockers

Q: Used for peripheral vascular disorder and hypertensive emergency

A. Doxazosin mesylate (Regitine)
B. Terazosin (Hytrin)
C. Prazosin HCL (Minipress)

A

A. Doxazosin mesylate (Regitine)

53
Q

Topic: Selective Alpha Adrenergic Blockers

Q: Used for mild to moderate hypertension

A. Doxazosin mesylate (Regitine)
B. Terazosin (Hytrin)
C. Prazosin HCL (Minipress)

A

C. Prazosin HCL (Minipress)

54
Q

Metropolol Tartrate

A
  1. PO, IV
  2. Hypertension
  3. Angina
  4. Myocardial Infarction
  5. Bradycardia
  6. Dizziness
55
Q

Atenolol (Tenormin)

A

PO

56
Q

Betaxolol (Kerlone)

A

PO, Hypertension, Glaucoma

57
Q
  1. Obtain VS and ECG
  2. Assess whether with respiratory problems
  3. Record and I and O
  4. Note other drugs that the client is taking
A

Nursing Responsibilities: Adrenergic Blockers/Antagonists

58
Q
  1. Advise client not to abruptly stop a beta blocker
  2. Instruct to comply with the drug regimen
  3. Monitor blood sugar level if in insulin therapy
  4. Teach how to monitor pulse and blood pressure
  5. Drugs may cause decrease libido
  6. Mood changes
  7. Slowly rise from bed
A

Client Education: Adrenergic Blockers/Antagonists

59
Q

Topic: Beta Adrenergic Blockers - Non-Selective

PO, Hypertension, Angina pectoris

A. Propanolol (Inderal)
B. Penbutolol (Levatol)
C. Nadolol (Corgard)
D. Carvedilol (Coreg)

A

C. Nadolol (Corgard)

60
Q

Topic: Beta Adrenergic Blockers - Non-Selective

PO, mild to moderate hypertension

A. Propanolol (Inderal)
B. Penbutolol (Levatol)
C. Nadolol (Corgard)
D. Carvedilol (Coreg)

A

B. Penbutolol (Levatol)

61
Q

Topic: Beta Adrenergic Blockers - Non-Selective

PO, Angina pectoris, Myocardial Infarction, hypertension, dysrhythmias

A. Propanolol (Inderal)
B. Penbutolol (Levatol)
C. Nadolol (Corgard)
D. Carvedilol (Coreg)

A

A. Propanolol (Inderal)

62
Q

Topic: Beta Adrenergic Blockers - Non-Selective

PO and Hypertension

A. Propanolol (Inderal)
B. Penbutolol (Levatol)
C. Nadolol (Corgard)
D. Carvedilol (Coreg)

A

D. Carvedilol (Coreg)

63
Q

Mimics PNS acetycholine

A

Cholinergics/Parasympathomimetics

64
Q

Two Types of Receptors

A
  1. Muscarinic
  2. Nicotinic
65
Q

It stimulates smooth muscles and slows the heart rate

A

Muscarinic

66
Q

It affects skeletal muscles

A

Nicotinic

67
Q
  1. Well absorbed in the GI tract
  2. Crosses blood brain barrier and placenta
  3. Metabolized in the liver
  4. Half-life of 3-6hrs
A

Pharmacokinetics of Propanolol

68
Q

Topic: Effects of Cholinergic Drugs

It decreases heart rate and lowers blood pressure

A

Cardiovascular

69
Q

Topic: Effects of Cholinergic Drugs

Increases tone, motility, and peristalsis

A

Gastrointestinal or GI

70
Q

Topic: Effects of Cholinergic Drugs

Miosis

A

Ocular

71
Q

Topic: Effects of Cholinergic Drugs

Increases salivation

A

Glandular

72
Q

Topic: Effects of Cholinergic Drugs

Bronchial contraction and increased secretion

A

Bronchial

73
Q

Topic: Effects of Cholinergic Drugs

Maintains muscle strength and tone

A

Striated muscle

74
Q

Acts on the receptor site to stimulate response

A

Direct Acting Cholinergic

75
Q

Used for primarily to increase urination

A

Bethanechol chloride (Urecholine)

76
Q

Increases gastric emptying

A

Metoclopramide HCL (Reglan)

77
Q

Also known as the “Cholinesterase inhibitor” or “Acetylcholinesterase” or “Anti-cholinesterase”

A

Indirect Acting Cholinergic

78
Q

Does not act on the receptors and it inhibits or inactivate cholinesterase

A

Indirect Acting Cholinergic

79
Q

Topic: Indirect Acting Cholinergic

Q: Drug example that is used to increase muscle tone for clients with myasthenia gravis

A

Edrophonium Cl or Tensilon

80
Q

1) Monitor VS Record I/O
2) Administer 1 hour before or 2 hours after meal
3) Check AST
4) Check for side effects
5) Auscultate for breath sounds
6) Have the antidote ready
7) Excessive perspiration may occur
8) Beware of cholinergic crisis

A

Nursing Responsibilities: Cholinergics and Anti-Cholinergics

81
Q

It inhibits the action of acetylcholine by occupying the acetylcholine receptors

A

Anticholinergics or Parasympatholytics or Cholinergic Blocking Agents

82
Q

Sympathetic nervous system dominates and has an opposite effects of cholinergic drugs

A

Anticholinergics or Parasympatholytics or Cholinergic Blocking Agents

83
Q

Derived from Belladonna plant

A

Atropine sulfate

84
Q

Act on the muscarinic receptor, little on nicotinic receptor

A

Atropine sulfate

85
Q

Pre-operative medication to decrease salivary secretions

A

Atropine sulfate

86
Q

Antispasmodic to treat PUD and it increases heart rate in case of bradycardia

A

Atropine sulfate

87
Q
  1. Well absorbed orally and parenterally
  2. Crosses blood brain barrier
  3. Short half-life
A

Pharmacokinetics of Anticholinergics

88
Q

1) Nausea
2) Headache
3) Dry skin
4) Abdominal distention
5) Impotence
6) Photophobia
7) Coma

A

Side Effects of Atropine sulfate

89
Q

1) Monitor VS Determine I & O
2) Record bowel sound
3) Raise side rails
4) Provide mouth care
5) Advise client to avoid hot environment
6) Instruct not to drive a motor vehicle

A

Nursing Interventions: Atropine sulfate

90
Q

1) Monitor VS Determine I & O
2) Record bowel sound
3) Raise side rails
4) Provide mouth care
5) Advise client to avoid hot environment
6) Instruct not to drive a motor vehicle

A

Nursing Interventions: Atropine sulfate

FINALS PHARMA (5 decks)

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