Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FINALS PHARMA > Week 2 - Topics 3-5 > Flashcards

Week 2 - Topics 3-5 Flashcards

1
Q

The first drugs approved to treat depression in 1950

It limits the breakdown of NE, dopamine, and serotonin in the CNS neurons

A

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

It inhibits monoamine oxidase and are reserved for patients who have not responded to TCAs or SSRIs

A

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Isocarboxazid (Marplan)
Phenelzine (Nardil)
Tranylcypromine (Parnate)

A

Drug examples of MAOIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the most common side/adverse effects of MAOIs?

A

Orthostatic hypotension
Headache
Insomnia
Diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Aside from the most common side effects of MAOIs that was previously mentioned, what are the other side/adverse effects of MAOIs?

A

Drowsiness
Insomnia
Blurred vision
Constipation
Anorexia
Dry mouth
Urine retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Respiratory collapse
Circulatory collapse
Hypertensive crisis

A

Serious adverse/side effects of MAOIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

MAOls is used concurrently with other antidepressants or sympathomimetic drugs; vasoconstrictors or cold medication containing phenylephrine can cause hypertensive crisis

Combining an MAOIs with an SRIs can produce serotonin syndrome

If MAOIs are given with antihypertensives, the clients can experience excessive hypotension.

MAOIs also potentiate the hypoglycemic effects of insulin and oral antidiabetic drugs

Hyperpyrexia is known to occur in clients taking MAOls with meperidine (Demerol),

Dextromethorphan (pedia cares) and TCAS

A

Drug to Drug Interactions: MAOIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

1) MAOIs A client taking an MAOIs must refrain from foods that contain tyramine

2) Assess cardiovascular status, because these agents may affect blood pressure

3) Phenelzine (Nardil) is contraindicated in cardiovascular disease, heart failure, hepatic or renal dysfunction and paranoid schizophrenia

4) Obtain a CBC, because MAOIs can inhibit platelet function

5) Assess for the possibility of pregnancy, because these agents are pregnancy category C and enters breast milk

6) Use MAOls with caution in epilepsy because they may lower the seizure threshold

7) Take a careful drug history; common drugs that may interact with a MAOls include other MAOIs, insulin, caffein-containing products, other antidepressants, meperidine (Demerol) and possibly opioids and methyldopa (Aldomet). There must be at least 14 days interval between the use of MAOis and other drugs

8) Some clients may not achieve the full therapeutic benefits of an MAOIs for 4 to 8 weeks.

A

Nursing Considerations: MAOIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In Drug to Food interactions of MAOIs, foods containing this type of amino acid can cause hypertensive crisis and must be avoided at all costs

A

Tyramine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  1. Avocados, Bananas, raisins, papaya products
  2. Meat tenderizers, canned figs
  3. Dairy products (cheese)
  4. Sour cream, yogurt
  5. Alcohol like beers, wines (especially red wines)
  6. Meats like beef or chicken liver, pate, meat extracts, pickled or kippered herring pepperoni, salami and sausages, bologna/hotdogs
  7. Vegetables like pods of broad beans (fava beans)
  8. Soy sauce
  9. All yeast or yeast extracts
  10. Chocholates
A

Examples of food that contains tyramine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In Drug to Food Interactions of MAOIs, what is the only exception dairy product to consume?

A

Cottage cheese

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

1) Strictly observe dietary restrictions for food containing tyramine

2) Do not take any prescription, OTC drugs, or herbal products without notifying your health care provider

3) Avoid Caffeine

4) Wear a medical alert bracelet identifying the MAOls medication

5) Be aware that it may take several weeks or more to obtain the full therapeutic effect of drug

6) Keep follow up appointments with your healthcare provider

7) Do not drive or engage in hazardous activities until the drug’s sedative effect is known. It may be taken at bedtime if sedation occurs.

8) Observe for and report signs of impending stroke or myocardial infarction (MI).

A

Client Health Teachings: MAOIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A mental health condition characterized by delusions, hallucinations, illusions, disorganized behavior, and a difficulty relating to others

A

Psychosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A condition that affects the way your brain process information

It also causes you to lose touch with reality

A

Psychosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

You might see, hear, or believe things that are not real

A

Psychosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

True or False: Psychosis is considered an illness

A

False. Psychosis is a symptom and not an illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

1) mental or physical illness
2) brain damage
3) substance abuse or drug addiction
4) extreme stress
5) depression or trauma
6) chronic alcoholism
7) overdoses of certain medication

A

Causes of Psychosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Firm ideas and belief not founded in reality

A

Delusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Seeing, hearing or feeling something that is not there

A

Hallucinations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Distorted perceptions of actual sensory stimuli

A

Illusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

An extreme suspicion and delusion that they are being followed, and that others are trying to harm them. Some psychotic clients may exhibit this

A

Paranoia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

1) Hallucinations, delusions or paranoia

2) Strange behavior such as communicating in rambling statements or made-up words

3) Attitude of indifference or detachment toward the activity’s

4) Rapid alteration between extreme hyperactivity and stupor

5) Strange or irrational actions

6) Deterioration of personal hygiene, and job or academic performance Marked withdrawal from social interactions and interpersonal relationship

A

Signs and Symptoms of Psychosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

A class of medication primarily used to manage psychosis (including delusions, hallucinations, paranoia or disordered thought), principally in schizophrenia but also a range of other psychotic disorder.

A

Antipsychotic Drugs/Neuroleptics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Provide the 2 Basic Categories of Antipsychotic Agents

A
  1. Conventional Antipsychotics/First Generation or Typical Antipsychotics
  2. Atypical Antipsychotics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Under what category does Phenothiazine and Phenothiazine like drugs belong?

A

Conventional Antipsychotics/First Generation or Typical Antipsychotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Most effective at treating positive signs of schizophrenia such as hallucinations and delusions

Treatment of choice for psychoses for 50yrs

A

Phenothiazines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Acts by preventing dopamine and serotonin from occupying their receptor site in certain regions of the brain

A

Phenothiazines

28
Q

1) Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
2) Fluphenazine HCL (Permitil, Prolixin)
3) Promazine HCL (Prozine, Sparine)
4) Mesoridazine besylate (Serentil)
5) Thioridazine HI (Mellaril)

A

Example Drugs of Phenothiazines

29
Q

First effective drug used to treat schizophrenia and was approved by the FDA in 1954

A

Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)

30
Q

This drug has a low potency phenothiazine

A

Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)

31
Q

1) Sedation, drowsiness, dizziness, constipation
2) Photosensitivity, extrapyramidal syndrome
3) Orthostatic hypotension, ejaculation disorder
4) Anticholinergic effects such as dry mouth, postural hypotension and urinary retention are common

A

Side/Adverse Effects of Phenothiazines

32
Q

1) Pancytopenia, agranulocytosis
2) Anaphylactoid reaction, tardive dyskinesia
3) Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, hypothermia
4) Adynamic ileus, sudden unexplained death

A

Serious Adverse Effects of Phenothiazines

33
Q

Acute dystonia
Akathisia
Parkinsonism
Tardive dyskinesia
Neurologic Malignant Syndrome (NS)

A

Extrapyramidal side effects/Serious set of adverse reactions to Antipsychotic Drugs

34
Q

It occurs early in the course of pharmacotherapy and involves severe muscle spasms, particularly of the back, neck tongue, and facial muscles, twitching movements

A

Acute dystonia

35
Q

The most common EPS - an inability to rest or relax

It is the constant pacing with repetitive, compulsive movements

A

Akathisia

36
Q

The client paces, has trouble sitting or remaining still, and has difficulty sleeping

A

Akathisia

37
Q

It includes tremor, muscle rigidity, stopped posture, and a shuffling gait

A

Parkinsonism

38
Q

Characterized by unusual tongue and face movements such as lip smacking and wormlike motions of the tongue, puffing of cheeks, uncontrolled chewing movements.

A

Tardive dyskinesia

39
Q

It is the effect of long-term use of Phenothiazines

A

Tardive dyskinesia

40
Q

A toxic reaction to therapeutic doses of antipsychotic drug

A

Neurologic Malignant Syndrome (NS)

41
Q

A rare though potentially life-threatening adverse effect of antipsychotic agents

A

Neurologic Malignant Syndrome (NS)

42
Q

The onset is varying from early in treatment to alter several months of therapy

A

Neurologic Malignant Syndrome (NS)

43
Q

The client exhibit elevated BT, unstable BP, profuse sweating, dyspnea, muscle rigidity, and incontinence

A

Neurologic Malignant Syndrome (NS)

44
Q

1) Assess for liver and kidney functions, vision problems, and mental status to provide a baseline of the client’s health status

2) Contraindication to the use of phenothiazine and phenothiazine like drugs include CNS depression, bone marrow suppression, coma, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, lactation, age(children under age 6 months) and presence of Reye’s syndrome

3) This class of drugs must be used with caution in clients with asthma, emphysema, respiratory infections, pregnancy (use only when benefits outweigh risks) and elderly person or children

4) Monitor clients for extrapyramidal symptoms like lip stacking, spasm of the face, tongue or back muscles, facial grimacing, involuntary upward eye movements, jerking motions, extreme restlessness, stooped posture, shuffling gait and tremors at rest. Report EPS symptoms to the physician immediately because this may be reason to discontinue the drug

5) Observe for the symptoms of NMS and report them immediately to the physician. This syndrome can lead to death if not recognized and treated.

6) Assess the client for drowsiness and sedation, Which are both common side effects of this type of medication owing to CNS depression.

7) Assess a child for hyperexcitability, dehydration or gastroenteritis as well as chicken pox or measles, because such conditions increase the potential for EPS

8) If possible, phenothiazines should not be given to children under 12 years of age. If the patient is elderly, determine whether a lower dose maybe indicated owing to the slower metabolism in older adults.

9) Full therapeutic effects of phenothiazine are evident in 3 to 6 weeks

A

Nursing Considerations: Phenothiazines

45
Q
  1. Immediately report signs and symptoms of EPS and NMS
  2. Document on a calendar that each dose has been taken daily
  3. Take the medication as directed
  4. Do not stop taking the drugs without the advice of the prescriber
A

Health Teachings: Phenothiazines

46
Q

Consists of drugs whose chemical structures are dissimilar to the phenothiazines

It also blocks postsynaptic D2 dopamine receptors

A

Nonphenothiazines

47
Q

It causes less sedation and fewer anticholinergic side effects than Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) but exhibit an equal or even greater incidence of extrapyramidal signs especially in the elderly

A

Nonphenothiazines

48
Q

1) Haloperidol (Haldol)
2) Chlorprothixene(taractan)
3) Loxapine succinate (Loxitane)
4) Molindone HCL (Moban)

A

Drug examples of Nonphenothiazines

49
Q

Most common drug of Nonphenothiazines

A

Pimozide (Orap), Thiothixene HCL (Navane), Haloperidol (Haldol)

50
Q

Used for the management of acute and chronic psychotic disorder

It has a long-acting preparations that last for approximately 3 weeks through IM or SQ

A

Pimozide (Orap), Thiothixene HCL (Navane), Haloperidol (Haldol)

51
Q

1) Sedation, transient drowsiness
2) Extrapyramidal symptoms, tremor
3) Orthostatic hypotension

A

Side/Adverse Effects of Nonphenothiazines

52
Q

1) Tardive dyskinesia, laryngospasm
2) neuroleptic malignant syndrome
3) respiratory depression, hepatotoxicity
4) Acute renal failure, sudden death

A

Serious Adverse Effects of Nonphenothiazines

53
Q

1) Assess elderly clients more carefully than younger clients for unusual adverse reactions such as confusion, depression, and hallucinations that are drug induced

2) Perform a baseline assessment including physical assessment, mental status orientation affect, cognition), vital signs, lab studies (CBC, liver and renal function test), pre-existing medical conditions (especially cardiac, liver and kidney function), and vision screening

3) Assess the available support system, because many psychiatric clients are unable to self-manage their drug regimen

4) Contraindications for this class of drugs include Parkinson’s disease, CNS depression, alcoholism, seizure disorders, and age younger than 3 years old

5) Inform the client and caregiver that sedation is a less severe side effect than with phenothiazines, but there is a greater incidence of EPS with non-phenothiazines antipsychotics. A possible life-threatening adverse effect of antipsychotic drug is NMS.

6) Monitor for anticholinergic side effects of these drugs like dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation, and hypotension with tachycardia

7) Assess for alcohol and illegal drug use, which cause an increased depressant effect when used with antipsychotic drugs. Caution client that any form of caffeine used with these drugs will likely increase anxiety

8) Assessing older clients, check for unusual reaction to Haloperidol (Haldol). Older adults need smaller doses and more frequent monitoring with gradual dose increase. There is an increase of tardive dyskinesia in elderly woman. This category of drug is not safe for use with children younger than 2 years old.

A

Nursing Considerations: Nonphenothiazines

54
Q

1) Immediately report signs and symptoms of EPS or NMS
2) Report continued or increased symptoms of psychosis
3) Avoid alcohol or illegal drug use
4) Avoid caffeine containing beverages and foods
5) Report any complaints of dizziness, loss of consciousness or falls
6) Immediately report any type of seizure activity

A

Client Health Teachings: Nonphenothiazines

55
Q

Myasthenia Gravis
Multiple Sclerosis
Muscle Spasms

A

Examples of Neuromuscular Disorders

56
Q
  1. Results from lack of acetylcholine receptor sites
  2. Weakness and fatigue of skeletal muscles
  3. Autoimmune
A

Myasthenia Gravis

57
Q

It inhibits the action of the enzyme

More acetylcholine is available causing muscle contraction

A

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors/Cholinesterase Inhibitors

58
Q

1) Neostigmine (Prostigmin) - Short half-life (given every 2 to 4 hours)
2) Pyridostigmine (Mestinon) - intermediate half-life (given every 3-6 hours)

A

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors/Cholinesterase Inhibitors

59
Q
  1. Results from overdosing
  2. Severe headache
  3. Paralysis Arrest
A

Cholinergic Crisis

60
Q

What is the antidote for Cholinergic Crisis?

A

Atropine sulfate

61
Q

If muscle weakness becomes more severe - overdosing

A

Cholinergic Crisis

62
Q

If muscle weakness improves - underdosing

A

Myasthenic Crisis

63
Q

It is a type of test where it helps you to distinguish between Cholinergic Crisis and Myasthenic Crisis)

A

Tensilon Test or Edrophonium Chloride

64
Q

2) Gl disturbances
3) Increased salivation and tearing
4) Constricted pupils
5) Blurred vision
6) Bradycardia
7) Hypotension

A

Side Effects of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors/Cholinesterase Inhibitors

65
Q
  1. Autoimmune disease
  2. Attacks myelin sheaths of nerve fibers
  3. Weakness and spasticity
A

Multiple Sclerosis

66
Q

1) Glucocorticoids (prednisone)
2) Biologic response modifiers
3) Immunosuppressants (Cytoxan)

A

Treatment for Multiple Sclerosis

67
Q

1) Medications should not be abruptly stopped
2) Advise not to drive or operate machineries
3) Teach to avoid alcohol
4) Warn that this is contraindicated to pregnant women

A

Client Health Teachings: Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors/Cholinesterase Inhibitors

FINALS PHARMA (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions