Week 2 Topic 1

Question 1

Name 3 features of CBT

Answer 1

Talking therapy, Time limited to 12-16 sessions, Problem orientated

Question 2

What is the main aim of CBT?

Answer 2

To skill people to become their own therapist

Question 3

What is NICE?

Answer 3

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, the guidelines that practitioners follow

Question 4

Is CBT the dominant therapy in IAPT services?

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

Outline the Hot Cross Bun Model of CBT?

Answer 5

That our Cognitions (thoughts and beliefs), influence our Affect (emotional states), which then influence our Physiology (bodily states, which as a result influence our Behaviour

Question 6

Using the Hot Cross Bun Model of CBT, explain how someone with an anxious pre-disposition could interpret someone not waving back at them in the street?

Answer 6

Cognitions: They are ignoring me
Affect: Sad/Anxious
Physiology: Heart racing
Behaviour: Avoid them next time

Question 7

What does the Cognitive Model of CBT say?

Answer 7

That you feel the way you think, and the meaning you attach to an event influences your emotional response to that event

Question 8

What is Panic Disorder, and what can it lead to?

Answer 8

Recurrent and unexpected panic attacks, that happen for no apparent reason and this leads to worrying that it will happen again, and a change in behaviour related to the attacks

Question 9

What is a panic attack?

Answer 9

A period of intense fear or discomfort in which symptoms develop abruptly and reach a peak within 10 minutes

Question 10

Name 3 symptoms of a panic attack?

Answer 10

1) Palpitations
2) Sweating
3) Shaking

Question 11

Although during a panic attack it can feel like it isn’t going to stop, what evidence is there to go against this?

Answer 11

The body cannot sustain that amount of adrenaline for more than 10 minutes

Question 12

What phenomena is associated with the Cognitive Model of panic disorder?

Answer 12

Catastrophic Misinterpretation

Question 13

What is Catastrophic Misinterpretation?

Answer 13

Misinterpreting normal bodily sensations as being dangerous, the meaning that we attribute e.g. racing heart means I will have a heart attack

Question 14

Name the 5 stages in The Panic Formulation?

Answer 14

Trigger e.g. memory of a previous attack,
Emotional response,
Physical sensations,
Safety Behaviour e.g. what can I do to keep myself safe,
Thoughts

Question 15

Using The Panic Formulation Model, explain how someone with an anxious pre-disposition could end up panicking from something minor?

Answer 15

Trigger: Heart racing
Feelings: Anxiety
Physical sensations: Breathless
Safety Behaviour: Sit down or monitor heart
Thoughts: I am going to faint or die

Question 16

What is Attentional Spotlight?

Answer 16

Focusing too much on one thing e.g. physical sensations like not being able to reach the top of my breath

Question 17

What is the difference between Step 2 treatment and Step 3 treatment?

Answer 17

Step 2 treatment is for mild to moderate panic disorder, and can include self-help
Step 3 treatment is for moderate to severe panic disorder, and can include CBT or antidepressants

Question 18

What are the 2 key roles of CBT therapists? Hint: Clues in the Name

Answer 18

Cognitions: Help the client to identify the thoughts that have a negative impact on the way they feel and behave
Behaviour: Help the client to identify the behaviours that affect their thoughts and feelings

Question 19

What are the 3 key stages of CBT?

Answer 19

1) Psychoeducation
2) Cognitive techniques
3) Behavioural techniques

Question 20

What is involved in Psychoeducation?

Answer 20

Normalising peoples experiences, correcting unhelpful beliefs, and sharing formulation diagram

Question 21

What is involved in Cognitive techniques?

Answer 21

Helping to loosen beliefs so that behavioural work can be done, for example, if someone is saying they are going to have a heart attack, elicit evidence FOR that belief and examine, then elicit evidence AGAINST that belief and examine

Question 22

Outline the Theory A Theory B technique used as a Cognitive technique?

Answer 22

This is used to contrast the threat belief with the alternative belief e.g. I am going to have a heart attack vs I WORRY that I am going to have a heart attack

Question 23

What is involved in Behavioural techniques?

Answer 23

Come after loosening beliefs, planned experiential activities based on experimentation or observation, to test the validity of the patients existing beliefs, and reduce safety behaviours

Question 24

What do Safety Behaviours do?

Answer 24

Reduce anxiety short-term but maintain it in the long-term

Question 25

CBT sessions start with an agenda, how is this set?

Answer 25

Collaboratively

Question 26

What is the Therapy Blueprint, used at the end of a CBT session?

Answer 26

This is used to reinforce therapy gains and as a relapse-prevention technique

Question 27

What is a Socratic question?

Answer 27

One that your client can work out an answer to, and one where the answer reveals new perspectives