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D1 Spring - Histopathology > Week 2 - Tooth Development & Anomalies of the Teeth > Flashcards

Week 2 - Tooth Development & Anomalies of the Teeth Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the teeth?

A

Enamel
Dentin
Cementum
Pulp

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2
Q

What are the components of the periodontium?

A

Gingiva
Periodontal ligament
Cementum
Alveolar bone proper

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3
Q

What are the 6 stages of tooth development?

A
  1. Initiation
  2. Bud stage
  3. Cap stage
  4. Bell stage
  5. Apposition
  6. Maturation
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4
Q

What occurs during the initiation stage?

A

Cellular induction

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5
Q

What occurs during the bud stage?

A

Cellular proliferation

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6
Q

What occurs during the cap stage?

A

Proliferation, differentiation and morphogenesis

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7
Q

What occurs during the bell stage?

A

Proliferation, differentiation and morphogenesis

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8
Q

What occurs during the appoisition stage?

A

Induction and proliferation

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9
Q

What occurs during the maturation stage?

A

Maturation

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10
Q

What role does the epithelium play during the pre-tooth bud stage of tooth formation?

A

“instructional role”

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11
Q

What is the fate of the neural crest cells during the pre-tooth bud stage?

A

Yet to be fully determined

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12
Q

What does the epithelium specify?

A

The “dental nature” of the mesenchyme

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13
Q

What does the mesenchyme specify?

A

The tooth type (incisor vs. molar) and nature of the product produced by the epithelium (i.e., enamel matrix)

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14
Q

What is present during the induction stage that occurs at 6-7 weeks?

A

Oral ectoderm
Neural crest cells
dental lamina

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15
Q

What occurs during the induction stage that occurs at 6-7 weeks?

A
  • ectoderm invaginates into the mesenchyme, and is now called the dental lamina
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16
Q

What is the lamina separated from the surrounding mesenchyme by?

A

A basement membrane

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17
Q

What makes the transition into dental lamina?

A

Proliferating oral ectoderm

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18
Q

What stage is this?
And label

A

Cap stage
Red: dental lamina
Purple: enamel organ
Yellow: outer enamel epithelium
Green: stellate reticulum
Orange: inner enamel epithelium

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19
Q

At what stage can all layers of the enamel organ be differentiated?

A

Bell stage

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20
Q

What cells make up the O.E.E?

A

Cuboidal cells

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21
Q

What do O.E.E do?

A

Protective barrier

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22
Q

What cells make up the I.E.E?

A

Cuboidal cells

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23
Q

What do the I.E.E differentiate into?

A

Ameloblasts

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24
Q

What cells make up the stellate reticulum?

A

Star-shaped cells forming network inside enamel organ

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25
Q

What is the function of the stellate reticulum?

A

Supportive function in enamel production

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26
Q

What cells make up the stratum intermedium?

A

Compressed layer of flat cuboidal cells

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27
Q

What is the function of the stratum intermedium?

A

Supportive function in enamel production

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28
Q

What makes up the dental sac?

A

Collagen fibers around enamel organ

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29
Q

What does the dental sac differentiate into?

A

Cementum, PDL, and bone

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30
Q

What do cells of the dental papilla nearest IEE have?

A

Basement membrane separation

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31
Q

What do the outer cells of the dental papilla differentiate into?

A

Odontoblasts

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32
Q

What do the inner cells of the dental papilla differentiate into?

A

Pulp tissue

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33
Q

What is a cervical loop?

A

Junction of the outer and inner enamel epithelia

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34
Q

What is the cervical loop the site of?

A

Cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) in the adult tooth (aka cervix)

35
Q

What is the hertwig’s root sheath?

A

Fusion and apical extension of the outer and inner enamel epithelia

36
Q

What does the hertwig’s root sheath determine?

A

The outline of the root dentin and the number of roots a tooth will have

37
Q

When is the hertwig’s root sheath removed?

A

Before the cementum is laid down

38
Q

Where does enamel formation stop at?

A

The termination of the enamel organs

39
Q

What happens when enamel formation stops?

A

Dentin formation continues, and pushes the tooth occlusally

40
Q

What does a modification of Hertwig’s root sheath create?

A

“septa” that divide the pulpal tissue and create multiple roots

41
Q

When is root length complete?

A

Not until 1-4 years after the tooth has emerged into the oral cavity
The pulp chamber narrows, and the apical opening constricts

42
Q

What stage is this and label the colors

A

Apposition stage
Green: stellate reticulum
Light blue: stratum intermedium: inner enamel epithelium
Purple: peripheral cells of dental papilla

43
Q

What does the stratum intermedium produce?

A

Alkaline phosphatase

44
Q

What do inner enamel epithelium produce?

A

ameloblasts -> enamel

45
Q

What do peripheral cells of dental papillae produce?

A

Odontoblasts -> dentin

46
Q

What is the first formed dentin?

A

Mantle dentin

47
Q

What kind of collagen does mantle dentin contain?

A

Type I and III collagen

48
Q

How are mantle dentin collagen fibers in the matrix oriented?

A

Perpendicular to the DEJ

49
Q

What stage is this?
Label each color

A

Apposition stage
Yellow: stratum intermedium
Orange: ameloblasts
Red: enamel
Purple: dentin
Light purple: pre-dentin
Green: odontoblasts

50
Q

What is occuring during the apposition stage?

A

Migration of ameloblasts peripherally
Migration of odontoblasts inward

51
Q

What are actively secreting ameloblasts?

A

Tall columnar cells

52
Q

What are inactive (aka reduced) ameloblasts?

A

Short columnar or elongated cuboidal cells

53
Q

What happens during the final stage of apposition stage of mineralization?

A

The reduced ameloblasts with the remaining cells of the outer enamel epithelium, stellate reticulum, and stratum intermedium form a membrane on the surface of the enamel
Termed the PRIMARY CUTICLE (aka Nasmyth’s membrane)

54
Q

What is anodontia?

A

Total lack of tooth development

55
Q

What is hypodontia?

A

Lack of development of one or more teeth

56
Q

What is oligodontia?

A

Lack of formation of six or more teeth (subdivision of hypodontia)

57
Q

What is hyperdontia?

A

Development of an increased number of teeth (the additional teeth are termed supernumerary)

58
Q

What are supernumerary teeth?

A

Defect that originates during initiation stage that results in development of one or more teeth
*too many dental laminas started to grow

59
Q

What is the most common manifestation of supernumerary tooth formation?

A

Mesodens
*between 8 and 9

60
Q

What is an odontoma?

A

Originates during the initiation stage and results in multiple small fragments of the structure consisting of dentin, enamel, cementum, or any combination

61
Q

What is complex odontoma comprised of?

A

A conglomerate mass of enamel and dentin that bears no anatomic resemblance to a tooth

62
Q

What are compound odontoma comprised of?

A

Multiple, small tooth like structures

63
Q

What is taurodontism?

A

An enlargement of the body and pulp chamber of multirooted teeth with apical displacement of the bifurcation, i.e., an exceptionally long root trunk with very short roots

64
Q

What is abnormal root formation due to?

A

Malfunction in hertwig’s root sheath

65
Q

What is dilaceration?

A

Abnormal angulation or bend in the root due to malformation of epithelial root sheath

66
Q

What is gemination?

A

Defect that originates during the cap stage of development that results in large single-rooted tooth with one pulp cavity and exhibits “twinning” in crown area
- tooth count is normal when the double tooth is counted as one

67
Q

What is the difference between gemination and fusion?

A

Gemintation is when tooth count is normal when the double tooth is counted as one
Fusion is when a double tooth in which the tooth count reveals a missing tooth when the double tooth is counted as one

68
Q

What is concrescence?

A

Defect occurring during apposition and maturation stages that results in union of root structure of two or more teeth by cementum

69
Q

What is tubercle fformation?

A

Defect occurring during cap stage of development that results in an extra cusp due to effects in enamel organ

70
Q

What do dentigerous cyts (aka follicular cysts) originate by?

A

Separation of the dental follicle (dental sac) from the crown of the unerupted tooth.
The cyst is attached at the CEJ

71
Q

What cyst type comprises of 20% of all jaw cysts?

A

Dentigerous cyst

72
Q

What do odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) or keratocystic odontogenic tumors arise from?

A

Cells rests of the dental lamina

73
Q

OKC constitutes what percent of odontogenic cysts?

A

3%-11%

74
Q

What ages do OKC cysts arise in?

A

10-40

75
Q

Where are OKC cysts located?

A

In mandible but often present as multilocular lesions

76
Q

What kind of cysts are bone expanding cysts?

A

OKC

77
Q

What is the treatment for OKC?

A

Surgical removal, but has a 30% recurrence rate

78
Q

What does a cyst wall consist of?

A

6-8 cell layer of stratified squamous epithelium with parakeratosis at the luminal surface

79
Q

What is an OKC cyst filled with in the lumen?

A

Keratin

80
Q

The presence of inflammation in an OKC causes?

A

Epithelial proliferation and pallisading of the basal cell layer

81
Q

what is an ameloblastoma?

A

Slow growing, locally invasive tumor

82
Q

What is the most common neoplastic lesion arising from odontgenic epithelium?

A

Ameloblastoma

83
Q

What do ameloblastoma lesions have?

A

Multilocular or “soap bubble” appearancec on radiographs

84
Q

Ameloblastomas are radio-________

A

Resistant

D1 Spring - Histopathology (14 decks)

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