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Kinesiology (Mine) > Week 2: TMJ > Flashcards

Week 2: TMJ Flashcards

1
Q

The TMJ is an articulation of the:

A

mandibular condyle and mandibular fossa or the temporal bone

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2
Q

Osteology of the TMJ:

A

mandibular condyle
mandibular fossa
articular eminence of the temporal bone

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3
Q

TMJ is a ____________ joint.

A

synovial or modified hinge

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4
Q

The articular eminence and the mandibular condyle are both convex, which results in:

A

an incongruent joint

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5
Q

The TMJ articulation is covered with ____________, not hyaline cartilage.

A

fibrocartilage

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6
Q

The incongruence of the TMJ joint is addressed by:

A

the articular disc.

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7
Q

The articular disc of the TMJ joint is:

A

biconcave

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8
Q

what is the purpose of the articular disc?

A 
it allows CONVEX surfaces to remain congruent through ROM
it increases stability
it minimizes loss of mobility
it reduces friction
it decreases biomechanical stress on TMJ
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9
Q

The disc separates into the inferior TMJ and superior TMJ. The inferior TMJ is a simple _________ joint and the superior TMJ is a ___________ joint.

A

hinge; gliding

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10
Q

The upper joint of the TMJ is an articulation between:

A

The articular eminence with superior disc

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11
Q

The lower joint is an articulation of:

A

the condyle and inferior disc

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12
Q

The disc is attached to the:

A

medial and lateral poles of the condyle

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13
Q

The attachment of the articular disc to the medial and lateral poles of the condyle allow for the condyles to:

A

rotate freely on the disc in a AP direction

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14
Q

The disc is also attached to the:

A

joint capsule and lateral pterygoid anteriorly

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15
Q

The attachment of the articular disc to the joint capsule and lateral pterygoid anteriorly restricts:

A

posterior translation of the disc

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16
Q

The articular disc is also attached to the _____________ retrodiscal pad posteriorly

A

bilaminar

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17
Q

The superior lamina helps the disc in:

A

translating anteriorly with mandibular depression

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18
Q

The inferior lamina:

A

limits forward translation

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19
Q

Available joint motion of the TMJ is determined by:

A

elasticity of the joint capsule and ligaments

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20
Q

Describe the capsule of the TMJ joint.

A

it is thin and loose anteriorly and posterior
it allows for anterior translation when mouth is open
TMJ is PREDISPOSED to anterior dislocation of the mandibular condyle due to lack of strength of the anterior capsule and the incongruence of the articular surfaces.

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21
Q

what are the 3 ligaments in the TMJ?

A

Lateral Ligament
stylomandibular ligament
sphenomandibular ligament

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22
Q

Which ligament has a primary function to stabilize lateral portion of the capsule and helps guide movement of condyle during opening?

A

Lateral ligament

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23
Q

Which is the weakest of the 3 ligaments with questionable function?

A

stylomandibular ligament

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24
Q

Which ligament is a swinging hinge that suspends the mandible?

A

sphenomandibular ligament

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25
Q

TMJ resting position

A

lips closed

teeth several millimeters apart

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26
Q

TMJ resting position is maintained by:

A

low level activity of the temporalis muscle

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27
Q

The TMJ joint allows for which movements?

A

depression/elevation
protrusion/ retrusion
left and right lateral excursion

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28
Q

There are two phases associated with depression and elevation:

A

early phase and late phase

29
Q

Depression in the early phase causes a __________ posterior in the lower joint.

A

roll

30
Q

depression in the late phase causes a ___________ anteriorly of the upper joint.

A

glide

31
Q

Elevation also has two phases:

A

early and late phase

32
Q

In the early phase of elevation, there is a ____________ posteriorly of the upper joint.

A

glide

33
Q

in the late phase of elevation, there is an ____________ roll of the lower joint.

A

roll

34
Q

protrusion occurs by:

A

an anterior and slightly inferior glide of the condyle and disc

35
Q

retrusion occurs by:

A

a posterior and slightly superior glide of condyle and disc

36
Q

No ____________ or ____________ occurs with protrusion and retrusion.

A

rotation or rolling

37
Q

Lateral excursion is a side to side _____________ of the condyle and disc within the fossa.

A

translation

38
Q

The ipsilateral condyle is a relatively fixed pivot point during _________ excursion.

A

lateral

39
Q

Left lateral excursion:

A

right condyle glides anteriorly and to the left

left condyle spins

40
Q

right lateral excursion

A

left condyle glides anterior and to the right.

right condyle spin

41
Q

Depression is caused by:

A

gravity
digastrics
suprahyoid
lateral pterygoid

42
Q

Elevation of TMJ is caused by:

A

temporalis
masseter
medial pterygoid
control of disc via superior lateral pterygoid

43
Q

Protrusion is able to occur due to these muscles:

A

B masseters
B medial pterygoids
B lateral pterygoids

44
Q

Retrusion of the TMJ occurs due to:

A

B temporalis
B masseter
B digastric (assist)

45
Q

lateral deviation can happen thanks to:

A

contralateral med/lateral pterygoid
ipsilateral temporalis
ipsilateral masseter

46
Q

What is formed around the angle of the mandible by the masseter and medial pterygoid?

A

a functional sling

47
Q

Contraction of what two muscles produces a powerful bite?

A

masseter and medial pterygoid

48
Q

interaction between what two muscles are also very effective at grinding and crushing food?

A

masseter and medial pterygoid.

49
Q

explain the process of the interaction of the masseter and medial pterygoid between grinding and crushing food.

A

The R medial pterygoid and the L masseter produce L lateral deviation which creates shear force between molars and foods.

50
Q

Normal depression of TMJ:

A

35 - 50 mm

51
Q

mastication requires _____ mm of _______________.

A

18; depression

52
Q

functional screen of mandibular depression:

A

2 knuckles: functional

3 knuckles: normal

53
Q

normal protrusion of TMJ =

A

3 - 6 mm

54
Q

Normal retrusion of TMJ is:

A

3 - 4 mm

55
Q

normal lateral deviation of TMJ =

A

10 - 15 mm

56
Q

Temporomandibular dysfunction is a broad term used to describe:

A

dysfunctions associated with TMJ

57
Q

What are some dysfunctions associated with TMJ?

A 
Pain
Popping
reduced bite force
reduced ROM with mouth open
headaches
tinnitus trigger points
58
Q

Factors associated with TMD include:

A 
stress/emotional disturbances
daily oral parafunctional habits
asymmetric muscle activity
sleep bruxism
chronic forward head posture
C - Spine pathology
59
Q

Deviations and deflections can result from:

A

differently shaped mandibular condyle heads or may indicate a pathology

60
Q

Deviations are motions that produce:

A

“S” curve with depression or protrusion

61
Q

Deflections are motions that produce a:

A

“C” curve with depression or protrusion

62
Q

What occurs when a disc subluxes beyond articular eminence?

A

articular disc displacement

63
Q

articular displacement can result in 2 ways. What are those?

A

Disc displacement with reduction

disc displacement without reduction

64
Q

disc displacement with reduction is produces a:

A

CLICK during mandibular depression and mandibular elevation

65
Q

Disc displacement without reduction means:

A

the disc does not relocate and the patient will demonstrate limited mandibular motion due to mechanical obstruction due to the disc

66
Q

The later the click occurs in the opening phase (depression):

A

The greater degree of dislocation

67
Q

Head and neck position can affect tension in the ______muscles, which can ultimately:

A

cervical; influence the function of the mandible

68
Q

Many TMJ dysfunction symptoms are similar to those of individuals with:

A

primary cervical spine impairments

69
Q

What should be examined in patients with TMJ complaints?

A

C - spine and upper quarter

Kinesiology (Mine) (7 decks)

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