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Kinesiology (Mine) > Week 2:The Cervical Spine > Flashcards

Week 2:The Cervical Spine Flashcards

1
Q

The upper cervical (craniovertebral) region consists of what 3 structures?

A

occiput
atlas (C1)
Axis (C2)

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2
Q

The lower cervical region goes from:

A

C3 - C7

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3
Q

What are your atypical vertebrae in your cervical spine?

A

Atlas (C1)
Axis (C2)
C7

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4
Q

What are your typical vertebrae in your cervical region?

A

C3 - C6

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5
Q

What are the 2 functions of the atlas??

A

cradle occiput and transmit force from occiput to lower C - spine

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6
Q

What 2 structures does the atlas not have that most vertebrae do have?

A

no vertebral body

no spinous process

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7
Q

what structure is shaped like a ring and has 2 lateral masses separated by anterior and posterior arch?

A

the atlas

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8
Q

what are 2 functions of the axis?

A

it transmits combined load of the head/ atlas to C - spine

it also provides axial rotation of the head/atlas

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9
Q

What is the vertical projection from the superior surface of the body on the axis called?

A

Dens

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10
Q

What is special about the spinous process of the axis?

A

It is large, elongated, and BIFID

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11
Q

What are 3 characteristics of C7?

A
  • largest cervical vertebrae
  • has many characteristics of thoracic vertebrae
  • largest spinous process
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12
Q

What are the characteristics of the cervical vertebrae regarding the body, transverse processes, spinous processes and intervertebral disc?

A
  • the body is small and uncinate processes arise from posterolateral margins which give the upper surface a concave shape
  • transverse foramen are on the transverse processes
  • bifid spinous processes
  • intervertebral disc are crescent shape (thick anteriorly and taper laterally) AND
  • posterior longitudinal ligament contains nucleus posteriorly.
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13
Q

What is our “yes” joint?

A

our atlanto - occipital joint.

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14
Q

Our ___________ (concave/convex) occipital condyles articulate with ____________ (concave/convex) superior facets of atlas.

This is a synovial ____________ joint.

A

convex; concave; condyloid

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15
Q

What is our “no” joints?

A

Our atlanto - axial joints

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16
Q

how many atlanto - axial joints do we have? What are their names?

A

2! Median atlanto - axial joint and Lateral atlanto - axial joint

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17
Q

There are ____ lateral atlanto - axial joints.

A

2

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18
Q

The median AA joint is an articulation between:

It is a synovial ______ joint

A

The dens and the anterior arch of atlas/ transverse ligament

plane

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19
Q

The lateral AA joints are articulations between:

It is a synovial _________ joint and is ___________ with meniscoids

A

inferior facets of atlas with superior facets of axis

plane; biconvex

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20
Q

What is the function of the transverse ligament (cruciform ligament)?

A

It prevents anterior displacement of C1 on C2

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21
Q

What is the unlabeled ligament called?

A

transverse ligament

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22
Q

Which ligaments TAUT in neck flexion and with axial rotation and also limits LATERAL flexion and prevent distractions of C1 on C2?

A

The alar ligaments

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23
Q

Label B and A.

A

A - transverse ligament

B - alar ligament

24
Q

What are 2 conditions that can compromise the integrity of the transverse ligament, which can result in instability of C1 and C2?

A

rheumatoid arthritis

down syndrome

25
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of the facet joints?

A

they are synovial joints containing fibroadipose meniscoids
the joint capsules are lax
lower cervical facet joints are approximately 45 degrees off the frontal plane and transverse processes

26
Q

When someone protracts their neck,

the upper cervices ___________
the lower cervices ____________

A

extends

flexes

27
Q

When someone extends their neck,

the upper cervices ___________
the lower cervices ____________

A

flexes

extends

28
Q

Prolonged protraction results in forward head posture which causes:

A

lengthening of the deep neck flexors and scapular retractors and tightening of pecs and upper trap and levator scapula

29
Q

what is the primary motion that occurs at the atlanto - occipital joint in the sagittal plane?

A

convex occipital condyles on concave superior articular facets of atlas

30
Q

convex occipital condyles on concave superior articular facets of the atlas have an opposite _________ and _________ in the sagittal plane?

A

Roll and glide

31
Q

Describe the movement of your atlanto-occipital joints in a frontal plane?

A

convex occipital condyles on concave superior articular facet of atlas.

32
Q

Convex occipital condyles on concave superior articular facet of atlas in the frontal plane of the AO joint creates an opposite ________ and _________.

A

roll and glide

33
Q

Flexion at the AO joint: your occipital condyles roll __________ and slide ______________.

A

anterior;posterior

34
Q

Extension at the AO joint: Your occipital condyles roll _________ and slide ____________.

A

posterior; anterior

35
Q

Movement at the AO joint in the transverse plane is limited by:

A

deep joint congruency

36
Q

The atlanto-axial joint can move in the transverse plane thanks to the articulations of:

A
  1. anterior arch and transverse ligament and dens

2. inferior facet of the atlas/superior facet of the axis

37
Q

The anterior arch and transverse ligament in transverse plane allows:

A

rotation

38
Q

the inferior facet of the atlas/superior facet of the axis in the transverse plane produces:

A

ipsilateral posterior glide

contralateral anterior glide

39
Q

The AA joint can move in the sagittal plane thanks to:

A
  1. the anterior arch and transverse ligament/dens

2. inferior facet of atlas/superior facet of axis

40
Q

The anterior arch and transverse ligament is responsible for what in the sagittal plane?

A

tilt of the atlas on axis

41
Q

What movement limits rotation at the AA joint?

A

alar ligament

42
Q

what ligament limits tilting of the axis at the AA joint with flexion?

A

transverse ligament

43
Q

Lateral flexion and rotation occur _____________.

A

simultaneously

44
Q

lateral flexion and rotation are coupled in:

A

the same direction (this means lateral flexion to the R occurs with rotation to R)

45
Q

If the lower cervical spine were to rotate or flex in lateral flexion as an isolated movement, what would happen?

A

The facet joints would come into contact with one another blocking motion.

46
Q

What happens when the C3 - C7 facet joints flex (in sagittal plane)?

A

inferior facet glides anterior and superior

47
Q

What happens when the C3 - C7 facet joints extends (in the sagittal plane) ?

A

inferior facet glides posterior and inferior

48
Q

What happens when the C3 - C7 facet joints flex in transverse plane?

A

same side rotation: inferior facet glides posterior and slightly inferior

opposite side as rotation: inferior facets glid anterior and slightly superior

49
Q

What happens when the C3 - C7 facet joints laterally flex in the frontal plane?

A

same side as lateral flexion: inferior facets glides inferiorly and slightly posterior

opposite side of lateral flexion:

50
Q

describe the arthrokinematics of R rotation @ C4 - C5.

__________ (ipsilateral) C4 facets slides _______________ and slightly _______________ on C5 facets

__________ (contralateral) C4 facets slides _________ an slightly _________ on C5 facet.

A

R; posterior; inferior

L; anterior; superior

51
Q

What is the function of the C spine?

A

Stability and protection
C-spine demonstrates most flexibility
Atlas designed to allow for more free space to prevent impingement
Mobility

52
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior-lateral craniocervical region

A

SCM
scalenes
longus colli
longus capitis

53
Q

what are the muscles of the posterior craniocervical region?

A 
splenius cervicis
splenius capitis
suboccipital muscles:
- Rectus capitis posterior major
-Rectus capitis posterior minor
- Obliquus capitis superior
- Obliquus capitis inferior
54
Q

Excessive tension placed on the __________________ and the ________________ with prolonged protraction cause which muscle to become fatigued?

A

levator scapulae and semispinalis capitis

rectus capitis posterior major

55
Q

what are the 3 reasons for muscular imbalances in the neck?

A
  1. excessive or violent hyperextension movement strain SCM, longus colli, and anterior scalenes causing chronic spasm or guarding
  2. inhibition, pain, weakness, fatigability of deep flexors (longus colli/capitis) resulting in SCM and anterior scalene becoming more dominant.
  3. ergonomics: protracting to improve visual contact with computer screen.

Kinesiology (Mine) (7 decks)

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