Week 2 - Skeletal Muscle

Question 1

What are ligaments?

Answer 1

Very strong bands of fibrous connective tissue that holds the bones of a joint together.
Bone to Bone.

Question 2

What are tendons?

Answer 2

Tough bands of connective tissue joining muscle to bones.

Typically attach bones near the joints.

Question 3

What are some structures of skeletal tissue?

Question 4

What are the types of fractures?

Answer 4

Closed
Open/compound
Green-stick
Comminuted

Question 5

What is osteoporosis?

Answer 5

Loss of bone mass and density that makes the skeleton brittle and prone to fracture
High impact/high load activity (runnining/resistance training can attenuate or even reverse the decline of bone mass)
As well as age and hormone related changes, calcium deficiency also promotes loss of bone density and osteoporosis.

Question 6

What is Osteoarthritis?

Answer 6

A degenerative joint disease that can be a consequence of:
1. Aging, wear and tear
2. Or a response to traumatic sports injury e.g ACL rupture.

Primarily due to a deterioration of cartilage produces:
1. Bone growth, and ultimately bone spurs, that restrict movement.
2. Muscle weakness, poor proprioception.

Question 7

What is Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Answer 7

Autoimmune disorder
Cartilage attacked
Inflammation, swelling and pain.
Final step is fusion of joint.

Question 8

Give functions of skeletal muscle

Answer 8

Producing movement
Maintaining posture
Generating heat
Storing and moving substances

Question 9

What is origin and insertion?

Answer 9

Origin - The tendon attachments nearest the centre of the body
Insertion - The tendon attachments furthest from the centre of the body

Question 10

Rotational Movement and Torque

Answer 10

Torque = force x perp distance from the pivot
More than 1 force/torque is acting
Net torque determines the movement
A longer lever arm (all other things remaining the same) - inc torque, dec rom, dec joint angular velocity (speed)

Question 11

Agonist vs antagonist vs stabilizers vs synergists

Answer 11

Agonist - the muscle responsible for performing or controlling the movement
Antagonist - the muscle that could oppose the agonists if activated
Stabilizers - contract to stabilize nearby joints
Synergists - assist in the action of the agonists (guiding muscles)