week 2 Shielding Flashcards

1
Q

Aprons are made from

A

vinyl w/lead inside

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2
Q

minimum amount of lead in an apron is

A

.25mm

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3
Q

Fluoro is to check for what

A

lead cracks

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4
Q

shield gonads if they are w/in _ of the primary beam

A

4-5cm

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5
Q

what are the 3 types of shields

A

flat contact-lead blockers
shaped contact-cup shaped for males
shadow shields-in the path of the beam and cast a shadow over the part to be protected

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6
Q

what controls the size and shape of the x-ray field coming out of the tube (coning)

A

collimator

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7
Q

collimator controls the movement of the _ that block a portion of the x-ray beam

A

lead shutters

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8
Q

collimator can be either

A

manual and automatic

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9
Q

automatic is the

A

PBL

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10
Q

what is PBL

A

positive beam limitation-detects the size of the image receptor

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11
Q

what cuts down on patient dose and increases film quality by preventing fog

A

PBL

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12
Q

filtration is the use of attenuating material made of _ between the x-ray tube and the patient

A

aluminum

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13
Q

grids are made of

A

lead strips in between spacing material

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14
Q

where are grids placed

A

between the patient and the image receptor

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15
Q

why are grids used

A

to remove as may scattered photons exiting the patient before it reaches the film and creates fog on the cassette

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16
Q

reducing scatter creates an image with

A

better contrast

17
Q

why does grids not help the patient dose

A

due to increased lead in the grid we have to use a higher technique to get through it. Grids create a higher ESE

18
Q

THe higher the grid ratio (more lead strips)

A

the less scatter on the film but also less density

19
Q

Radiation protection uses what concept

20
Q

what is a regulator agency that collects and distributes info regarding radiation awareness and safe practice to the public

21
Q

Radiation protection uses what law

A

inverse square law

22
Q

personnel monitoring determines

A

estimated occupational exposure

23
Q

what are the most common personnel monitoring

A

OSL
film badge
TLD
pocket dosimeter

24
Q

rad. techs use what type of personnel monitor

25
how long do you wear the OSL
2 months at the collar
26
OSL are unaffected by
heat, moisture, and pressure
27
ionization in the air
Roentgen (C/kg) (R)
28
amount of energy absorbed in any medium
Rad (gray) (GY)
29
sV- dose equivalence, biologic response | (1rad x1=1rem) quality factor for x-ray is 1
Rem (sievert)
30
rate of activity or at which rate a radionuclide decays. . Nuke med or rad therapy
curie (becquerel) (Ci) (Bq)
31
who and when discovered cells are most radiosensitive during active division and when they are primitive in structure and function
Bergonie and Tribondeau | 1906
32
what cells are most radiosensitive during active division
basil kin cells, crypt cells of the small intestine and gem cells
33
least sensitive are the
nerve cells muscle cells and brain cells
34
when you use proper positioning, immobilization, higher kV, lower mAs, high filtration, collimation, and shielding
ESE decreases