week 2 Shielding

Question 1

Aprons are made from

Answer 1

vinyl w/lead inside

Question 2

minimum amount of lead in an apron is

Answer 2

.25mm

Question 3

Fluoro is to check for what

Answer 3

lead cracks

Question 4

shield gonads if they are w/in _ of the primary beam

Answer 4

4-5cm

Question 5

what are the 3 types of shields

Answer 5

flat contact-lead blockers
shaped contact-cup shaped for males
shadow shields-in the path of the beam and cast a shadow over the part to be protected

Question 6

what controls the size and shape of the x-ray field coming out of the tube (coning)

Answer 6

collimator

Question 7

collimator controls the movement of the _ that block a portion of the x-ray beam

Answer 7

lead shutters

Question 8

collimator can be either

Answer 8

manual and automatic

Question 9

automatic is the

Answer 9

PBL

Question 10

what is PBL

Answer 10

positive beam limitation-detects the size of the image receptor

Question 11

what cuts down on patient dose and increases film quality by preventing fog

Answer 11

PBL

Question 12

filtration is the use of attenuating material made of _ between the x-ray tube and the patient

Answer 12

aluminum

Question 13

grids are made of

Answer 13

lead strips in between spacing material

Question 14

where are grids placed

Answer 14

between the patient and the image receptor

Question 15

why are grids used

Answer 15

to remove as may scattered photons exiting the patient before it reaches the film and creates fog on the cassette

Question 16

reducing scatter creates an image with

Answer 16

better contrast

Question 17

why does grids not help the patient dose

Answer 17

due to increased lead in the grid we have to use a higher technique to get through it. Grids create a higher ESE

Question 18

THe higher the grid ratio (more lead strips)

Answer 18

the less scatter on the film but also less density

Question 19

Radiation protection uses what concept

Answer 19

ALARA

Question 20

what is a regulator agency that collects and distributes info regarding radiation awareness and safe practice to the public

Answer 20

NCRP

Question 21

Radiation protection uses what law

Answer 21

inverse square law

Question 22

personnel monitoring determines

Answer 22

estimated occupational exposure

Question 23

what are the most common personnel monitoring

Answer 23

OSL
film badge
TLD
pocket dosimeter

Question 24

rad. techs use what type of personnel monitor

Answer 24

OSL

Question 25

how long do you wear the OSL

Answer 25

2 months at the collar

Question 26

OSL are unaffected by

Answer 26

heat, moisture, and pressure

Question 27

ionization in the air

Answer 27

Roentgen (C/kg) (R)

Question 28

amount of energy absorbed in any medium

Answer 28

Rad (gray) (GY)

Question 29

sV- dose equivalence, biologic response

(1rad x1=1rem) quality factor for x-ray is 1

Answer 29

Rem (sievert)

Question 30

rate of activity or at which rate a radionuclide decays. . Nuke med or rad therapy

Answer 30

curie (becquerel) (Ci) (Bq)

Question 31

who and when discovered cells are most radiosensitive during active division and when they are primitive in structure and function

Answer 31

Bergonie and Tribondeau

1906

Question 32

what cells are most radiosensitive during active division

Answer 32

basil kin cells, crypt cells of the small intestine and gem cells

Question 33

least sensitive are the

Answer 33

nerve cells
muscle cells and
brain cells

Question 34

when you use proper positioning, immobilization, higher kV, lower mAs, high filtration, collimation, and shielding

Answer 34

ESE decreases