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Psych 100A > week 2 - research methods > Flashcards

week 2 - research methods Flashcards

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1
Q

dependent and independent variables

A

Dependent variable - The variable the researcher measures but does not manipulate
Independent variable - The variable the researcher manipulates and controls
Dependent depends on independent

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2
Q

ethics

A 
Ethics 
Safety 
Benefits outweigh risks
No coercion
Privacy/confidentiality
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3
Q

operational definition

A

Operational definition - how to measure a concept specifically

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4
Q

internal validity

A

Internal validity

The degree to which a cause-effect relationship has been unambiguously established

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5
Q

external validity

A

External validity
The degree to which a finding generalizes from the specific sample and context of a study to some larger population and broader settings

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6
Q

face validity

A

Face validity

The degree to which a procedure or method measures what it intends to measure

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7
Q

ecological validity

A

Ecological validity
The degree to which a study finding has been obtained under conditions that are typical for what happens in everyday life.

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8
Q

experience sampling

A

Experience sampling
A methodology where participants report on their momentary thoughts, feelings, and behaviours at different points in time over the course of a day.

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9
Q

ecological momentary assessment

A

Ecological momentary assessment - an umbrella term that describes these other methods that repeatedly sample real-world things (like thoughts, experiences, behavior, physiology, etc).

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10
Q

diary method

A

Diary method - Complete a questionnaire at the end of the day about thoughts, feelings or behavior (whereas experience sampling is often throughout the day)

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11
Q

day reconstruction method

A

Day reconstruction method - A methodology where participants describe their experiences and behavior of a given day retrospectively upon a systematic reconstruction on the following day.
➤Go through the narrative events (e.g. I woke up, showered, had coffee, etc) Report feelings, context or people with you for some events.

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12
Q

electronically activated recorder

A

Electronically activated recorder (EAR) - a methodology where participants wear a small portable audio recorder that immediately records snippets of ambient sounds around them.
Naturalistic observation usually done in the lab, but this method allows it to be done in peoples’ everyday lives
Unobtrusive ‘acoustic diary’ of their day - coarse documentation of daily activities and social encounters.
Surprisingly rich data - code things like locations, interactions, emotional expressions, etc
STUDYING DAILY BEHAVIOR
Electronically activated recorder (EAR)
Has been used to observe cultural and gender differences in sociability (operational definition = words per day)

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13
Q

linguistic analyses

A

Linguistic analyses - A quantitative text analysis methodology that automatically extracts grammatical and psychological information from a text by counting word frequencies.

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14
Q

ambulatory assessment

A

Ambulatory assessment
An overarching term to describe methodologies that assess the behavior, physiology, experience, and environments of humans in naturalistic settings.

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15
Q

daily diary method

A

Daily Diary method
A methodology where participants complete a questionnaire about their thoughts, feelings, and behavior of the day at the end of the day.

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16
Q

drm/daily reconstruction method

A

Day reconstruction method (DRM)
A methodology where participants describe their experiences and behavior of a given day retrospectively upon a systematic reconstruction on the following day.

17
Q

ecological momentary asessment

A

Ecological momentary assessment
An overarching term to describe methodologies that repeatedly sample participants’ real-world experiences, behavior, and physiology in real time.

18
Q

ecological validity

A

Ecological validity
The degree to which a study finding has been obtained under conditions that are typical for what happens in everyday life.

19
Q

generalizing

A

Generalizing, in science, refers to the ability to arrive at broad conclusions based on a smaller sample of observations. For these conclusions to be true the sample should accurately represent the larger population from which it is drawn.

20
Q

white coat hypertension

A

White coat hypertension
A phenomenon in which patients exhibit elevated blood pressure in the hospital or doctor’s office but not in their everyday lives.

21
Q

confounds

A

Confounds - Factors that undermine the ability to draw causal inferences from an experiment.

22
Q

correlation

A

Correlation

Measures the association between two variables, or how they go together.

23
Q

Experimenter expectations

A

When the experimenter’s expectations influence the outcome of a study.

24
Q

longitudinal study

A

Longitudinal study

A study that follows the same group of individuals over time.

25
Q

operational definition

A

Operational definitions

How researchers specifically measure a concept.

26
Q

participant demand

A

Participant demand

When participants behave in a way that they think the experimenter wants them to behave.

27
Q

placebo effect

A

Placebo effect

When receiving special treatment or something new affects human behavior.

28
Q

quasi experimental design

A

Quasi-experimental design

An experiment that does not require random assignment to conditions.

29
Q

random assignment

A

Random assignment

Assigning participants to receive different conditions of an experiment by chance.

30
Q

locked in syndrome

A

Martin Poistorius - lost the ability to walk and talk as well as his strength and cognitive function because of a mysterious degenerative illness. He regained everything and was conscious during everything but couldn’t communicate. This was called LOCKED-IN SYNDROME.

31
Q

inferential statistics

A

Inferential statistics - only plotting the mean, representing the average only - allows us to find odds related to the average we’ve found

Psych 100A (12 decks)

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