week 12 - language, language use, and development Flashcards
audience design
Audience design - Constructing utterances to suit the audience’s knowledge.
common ground
Common ground - Information that is shared by people who engage in a conversation.
ingroup
Ingroup - Group to which a person belongs.
lexicon
Lexicon - Words and expressions.
linguistic in-group bias
Linguistic intergroup bias - A tendency for people to characterize positive things about their ingroup using more abstract expressions, but negative things about their outgroups using more abstract expressions.
outgroup
Outgroup - Group to which a person does not belong.
priming
Priming - A stimulus presented to a person reminds him or her about other ideas associated with the stimulus.
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis - The hypothesis that the language that people use determines their thoughts.
situation model
Situation model - A mental representation of an event, object, or situation constructed at the time of comprehending a linguistic description.
social brain hypothesis
Social brain hypothesis - The hypothesis that the human brain has evolved, so that humans can maintain larger ingroups.
social networks
Social networks - Networks of social relationships among individuals through which information can travel.
syntax
Syntax - Rules by which words are strung together to form sentences.
automatic empathy
Automatic empathy - A social perceiver unwittingly takes on the internal state of another person, usually because of mimicking the person’s expressive behavior and thereby feeling the expressed emotion.
false belief test
False-belief test - An experimental procedure that assesses whether a perceiver recognizes that another person has a false belief—a belief that contradicts reality.
folk explanations of behaviour
Folk explanations of behavior - People’s natural explanations for why somebody did something, felt something, etc. (differing substantially for unintentional and intentional behaviors).
intention
Intention - An agent’s mental state of committing to perform an action that the agent believes will bring about a desired outcome.
intentionality
Intentionality - The quality of an agent’s performing a behavior intentionally—that is, with skill and awareness and executing an intention (which is in turn based on a desire and relevant beliefs).
joint attention
Joint attention - Two people attending to the same object and being aware that they both are attending to it.
mimicry
Mimicry - Copying others’ behavior, usually without awareness.
mirror neurons
Mirror neurons - Neurons identified in monkey brains that fire both when the monkey performs a certain action and when it perceives another agent performing that action.
projection
Projection - A social perceiver’s assumption that the other person wants, knows, or feels the same as the perceiver wants, knows, or feels.
simulation
Simulation - The process of representing the other person’s mental state.
synchrony
Synchrony - Two people displaying the same behaviors or having the same internal states (typically because of mutual mimicry).
theory of mind
Theory of mind - The human capacity to understand minds, a capacity that is made up of a collection of concepts (e.g., agent, intentionality) and processes (e.g., goal detection, imitation, empathy, perspective taking).\
visual perspective taking
Visual perspective taking - Can refer to visual perspective taking (perceiving something from another person’s spatial vantage point) or more generally to effortful mental state inference (trying to infer the other person’s thoughts, desires, emotions).
