Week 2- Reading

Question 1

PCL Sprain Characteristics Presentations Treatment

Answer 1

C: landing on tibia with flexed knee (car dashbord)
P: minimal swelling -MRI,pop, posterior draw, sag sign
T: LE strengthening - no hamstring exercise

Question 2

Meniscus tear

Answer 2

C: rotation on fixed foot while WB
P: swelling plopping,1.History of mechanical catching or locking reported by patient 2. Joint line tenderness 3. Pain with forced knee hyperextension 4. Pain with maximum passive knee flexion 5. Pain or audible click with McMurray maneuver
T: repair

Question 3

Patellofemoral pain syndrome

Answer 3

C:pain or discomfort in ant. knee- decreased quad strength, decreased LE flexability, increased tibial torsion or anteversion
P: diagnosed with arthroscopy, MRI, females, growth spirt, excessive weight
T: strengthen quad , medial patellar glides, petella taping

Question 4

OA

Answer 4

C:chronic degeneration of articular cartilage in WB joints
thickening of subchromial bone
P: ages >65 excessive weight, joint injuries , occupational or athletic overuse improve lubrication
in knee; improve ROM, endurance, and
muscle strength; TENS; energy
conservation; weight loss; joint protection
strategies (bracing, assistive devices,
activity modification)

Question 5

RA

Answer 5

C: Systemic autoimmune disease causing chronic inflammation of synovial lining and connective tissue; common in small
joints of hands, feet, wrists, and ankles
P:30-60 years of age; females>males;
symmetrical involvement; pain andtenderness; morning stiffness; warm joints; swan neck and boutonniere deformities
T: Reduce inflammation and pain; promote
joint function; DMARDs; PROM and AROM; modalities; joint protection strategies (activity modification, orthoses,
assistive devices)

Question 6

Osteoarthritis

Answer 6

C: Chronic, progressive, metabolic disease
with low bone mass, impaired bone quality, and decreased bone strength; High risk for Fxs.
Types: Primary associated with
menopause in females and ages ≥ 70 years in males; secondary associated with medications or diseases
P: Females > males; loss of height; postural
changes, kyphotic posture, back pain; Fxs Bone mineral density classification based
on T-score: ≥ −1.0 – normal;
low risk for Fx –−1.0 to −2.4 – osteopenia ≤ −2.5 – OP
Calcium, vitamin D, estrogen,
bisphosphonates; weight-bearing exercises; strengthening; resistance
exercises; balance training; patient education on lifestyle modifications and
dietary changes; risk factor modifications
Avoid: flexion exercises, high-impact
activities

Question 7

Congenital hip
dysplasia

Answer 7

Developmental dysplasia, malalignment
of femoral head within acetabulum

Females>males; asymmetrical hip abduction with tightness; apparent femoral shortening

Pelvic harness; splinting; traction; bracing;
closed or open reduction with hip spica cast; stretching; strengthening

Question 8

Congenital torticollis
(wryneck)

Answer 8

SCM contracture within first 2 mo of life

Malpositioning in utero; birth trauma;
ipsilateral cervical flexion; contralateral rotation

Stretching; AROM; positioning; massage; surgical release

Question 9

Juvenile idiopathic
arthritis (juvenile rheumatoid
arthritis)

Answer 9

Autoimmune disease; inflammation of
joints and connective tissue; can be systemic (includes fever, rash, enlarged lymph nodes), polyarticular (≥ 5 joints),
or oligoarticular (≤ 4 joints)

Asymmetrical; involvement of multiple
joints; most common form is
asymmetric oligoarticular (formerly
called pauciarticular), involving 4 or fewer joints

DMARDs; NSAIDs; corticosteroids; PROM
and AROM; positioning; splinting; strengthening; postural training; increase
endurance; modalities (paraffin wax, therapeutic ultrasound, cryotherapy)