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NPTE > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Neuropraxia

A

CLASS 1: FOOT FALLS ASLEEP :REVERSABLE - nerve injury that causes temporary and localized loss of function (sensory or motor)

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2
Q

Axonotmesis

A

CLASS 2: AXON DAMAGE: RECOVERS 1 MM/DAY- localized damage to axon and myelin and varying degree of peripheral nerve connective tissue

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3
Q

Neurotmesis

A

: CLASS 3 COMPLEATE LASSERATION : SURGERY-severing of axon and myelin and all connective tissue structures

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4
Q

T or F axons that undergo regeneration remyelinate to pre-injury level

A

False they DO NOT remylinate to pre injury level

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5
Q

Collateral sprouting

A

Collateral sprouting can be defined as the growth of intact axons into neighboring denervated territory.

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6
Q

Mononeuropathy

A

peripheral nerve injury
one nerve injured

ex: carpal tunnel syndrome (median nerve)

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7
Q

Mononeuropathy multiplex

A

peripheral nerve injury to 2 or more nerves and areas

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8
Q

Radiculopathy

A

peripheral nerve injury
caused by nerve roots

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9
Q

Plexopathy

A

a disorder of the network of nerves in the brachial or lumbosacral plexus

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10
Q

Peripheral nerve disease risk factors and examples

A

risk factors: DM, renal failure, alcohol abuse, autoimmune, nutritional, hereditary infection, medication, toxins idiopathic / spontaneous

examples: Sjogren’s syndrome, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and vasculitis.

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11
Q

Peripheral nerve disease symptoms and exam items

A

Symptoms: weakness, numbness, burning pain, distal to proximal symptoms

exam: treat and address early, neuroplacicity and axonal regeneration /collateral sprouting is possible

screen: autonomic dysfunction(: vasodilation, loss of vasomotor tone (dryness, warmth, edema, orthostatic hypotension ) balance and fall risk, end feel, sensoriomotor (hair loss and vascular changes )

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12
Q

Open vs closed packed

A

closed: max stability and joint surface area
do not mobilize
good for WB

open: minimal surface area in this position
perform mobilizations
great rom

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13
Q

Grades of mobilization with speed, amplitude an range

A

All slow
Grade 1: small beginning of range
Grade 2: big within range
Grade 3: big middle to end range
Grade 4L baby available range / tissue resistance

Grade 5: fast/ high velocity small amplitude

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14
Q

End feels

A

Soft : tissue /muscle
Hard : bone cartilage
Firm: ligament/ tendon, capsular
Empty : pain
Boggy: edema /swelling

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15
Q

Isometric vs isotonic vs isokinetic

A

Isometric: no change in muscle length
Isotonic: change in muscle length with force staying the same
Isokinetic: constant velocity of muscle action (requires special equipment)

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16
Q

Osteokinimatics vs arthrokinimatics

A

osteo = bone motion
arthro= joint motion

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17
Q

ULNT 1

A

Median nerve (tension all fingers)
shoulder: depression abduction to 110
elbow: extension
forearm: supination
wrist: extension
fingers and thumb: extension

18
Q

ULNT2

A

Median nerve
everything is the same as ULNT 1 but the shoulder is only abducted to 10

19
Q

ULNT3

A

Radial
shoulder IR , abduction 40 and extended to 25
forarm pronated
elbow extension
wrist flexion and UD
thumb flexion

20
Q

ULNT 4

A

ulnar nerve
shoulder depression and
abducted to 90
forearm pronation
elbow flexed
wrist extension and RD
thumbb in extension

21
Q

Adhesive capsulitis Characteristics Presentations Treatment

A

C: restricted AROM/PROM dense adhesive fibrosis and scarring in capsule. chronic inflammation

P: age 45-65 females associated with DM and thyroid disease. capsular pattern loss

T: increase ROM with mobilization. may need manip under anesthesia

22
Q

Shoulder impingement Characteristics Presentations Treatment

A

C: pain with overhead movement /sports RTC tendons becoming impinged under acromion and coracoacromial arch

P:painful arc of motion 60-120

T: RTC strengthening, scapular stability ,improve biomechanics

23
Q

RTC tear Characteristics Presentations Treatment

A

C: impaired blood supply to tendon, micro trauma , degeneration

P: resting/night pain, limited abduction and lateral rotation

T: ROM, isometrics, avoid slow eccentrics for 6 months after surgical repair

24
Q

Lateral epicondylitis / medial epi Characteristics Presentations Treatment

A

C: Lateral : extensor muscle overuse condition (tennis)
medial: flexor tendon overuse (golf )
P: ages 30-50 pain over lat. epi, painfull gripping

T:ROM, strength of extensors

25
Q

Colles Fracture Characteristics Presentations Treatment

A

C: fracture of distal radius due to FOOSH or blow to palmar side of wrist fragment often
displaced in the dorsal and POSTERIOR
direction, can lead to “dinner fork”deformity

P: wrist pain, swelling, deformity, limited ROM

26
Q

Smith fracture Characteristics Presentations Treatment

A

C: reverse colles distal radius fracture
anterior displacment : “garden spade” deformity

P: Wrist pain, swelling, and deformity; limited
ROM; tenderness over distal radius

27
Q

Achilles tendinitisCharacteristics Presentations Treatment

A

C: repetitive /overuse seen in pt. with limited flexibility, weakness, foot pronation, weakness, runners, gymnastics, dancers, basketball players

P: Aching or burning in heel, tenderness of Achilles tendon, morning stiffness; can
lead to rupture
T: heel lift; cross-training; heel cord stretching; eccentric strengthening of
gastrocnemius and soleus

28
Q

Plantar faciitis condition, presentation , treatment

A

C: Inflammation of plantar fascia at calcaneus; acute injury from excessive
loading of foot or excessive pronation

P: Heel pain, heel spur, morning pain, post activity pain, pain when walking barefoot

29
Q

Phase 1 of ACL protocol

A

Max protection weeks 1-4
gait training with cutches
edema control
week 1 WBAT/ROM as tolerated
biofeedback
SLR
ROM 0-110

weeks 2-4
FWB: if active knee ext and pain free
good quad strength
CKC and OKC exercises, trunk and pelvis stabilization
aerobic conditioning

30
Q

Phase 2

A

moderate protection:
weeks 5-6 multiangle isometrics
balance
band walks
pain free ROM 0-125
normalize gait

7-10
advanced strength
walking/jogging

31
Q

Phase 3

A

minimum protection phase
weeks 11-24
advanced PRE CKE strengthening , emphasize eccentric
plyometrics ,agility, sport training , running and cutting

32
Q

Pronation movements

A

Eversion , DF, ABduction

33
Q

Eversion movements

A

inversion, PF, ADDuction

34
Q

Max vs mod vs minimal protection timeline

A

max protection : 6 weeks
Moderate protection: 12 weeks
minimal protection: 6 months

35
Q

According to Jandas crossed syndromes: if the deep neck flexors are inhibited what is facilitated?

A

tight upper trap/levator scapula

36
Q

According to Jandas crossed syndromes: if lower trap/ serratus anterior is inhibited what is facilitated?

A

tight SCM and pecs

37
Q

According to Jandas crossed syndromes: abdominals are inhibited what is facilitated?

A

tight thoracolumbar extensors

37
Q

According to Jandas crossed syndromes: gluteus are inhibited what is facilitated?

A

tight rectus femoris / illipsoas

38
Q

Active insufficiency

A

The inability of a two joint muscle to shorten simultaneously at
both joints(contracted position)

39
Q

Passive insufficiency

A

The inability of a two joint muscle to lengthen simultaneously at
both joints(lengthened position)

40
Q

Femoral anteversion (pigion toed )

A

hip internal rotation
tibial internal torsion
subtalar pronation
toe in
squinting pallae

41
Q

Femoral retroversion

A

hip external rotation
tibial external torsion
subtalar supination
frog eyed patellae

NPTE (9 decks)

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