Week 2: Physiological Processes of Life Flashcards
What are the 5 vital signs?
Temperature (T)
Pulse/Heart Rate (HR)
Blood Pressure (BP)
Respiratory Rate (RR)
Saturation of Peripheral Oxygen (SpO2)
What is a normal temperature?
36 - 38oC
Afebrile = no fever
What is an abnormal temperature?
> 41oC = hyperthermia
Fever = febrile
<35oC = hypothermia
What is a normal pulse/heart rate?
60 - 100 BPM
What is an abnormal pulse/heart rate?
> 100 = tachycardia
<60 bradycardia
What is a regular blood pressure?
80-120 systolic
60-80 diastolic
What is an abnormal blood pressure?
> 120 systolic = hypertension
<80 systolic = hypotension
What is Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)?
MAP = diastolic BP + (systolic - diastolic BP)/ 3
MAP = 90 + (120 - 90) / 3
MAP = 90 + (30) / 3
MAP = 100
What is a normal respiratory rate?
12 -20 Respirations/min
What is an abnormal respiratory rate?
<12 Hypoventilating
>20 Hyperventilating
What is a normal O2 saturation level?
95 - 100 %
What is an abnormal O2 saturation level?
<95 %
What factors impact the vital signs?
Age, environment, hormones, pain, diseases/conditions, emotional states, social habits, dietary habits, activity level, lifestyle, anxiety.
What is the glymphatic system?
It is involved in regulation of interstitial fluid movement and subsequent removal of waste from the brain and CSF and is directed by sleep and circadian rhythms.
How does sleep impact cognitive actions?
Adequate sleep allows for better learning, problem-solving, concentration, and creativity.
What does sleep deprivation inhibit?
It inhibits positive adaptations by the brain to stress resulting in less effective coping mechanisms and negative reactions while awake.
How does sleep impact organ function?
Organ function relies on adequate sleep and circadian rhythms to support healthy immune systems, use of insulin, effective cognition, and cardiac function.
What are the 4 stages of sleep?
Stage 1/ N1
Stage 2/N2
Stage 3/N3
Stage 4/REM
What is Stage 1/N1 of sleep?
It is the first state of sleep onset where you relax and physiological activities slow down.
NREM sleep.
Lasts 1-7 minutes, 5% time sleeping
What is Stage 2/N2 of sleep?
Sleep becomes deeper, HR, RR, and T all continue to decrease; eye movement stops.
NREM sleep.
10-25 minutes, 45% time sleeping
What is Stage 3/N3 of sleep?
Deepest sleep where it is hardest to be woken.
Sleepwalking/talking/urinating occurs here.
Slowed brain waves, and the body’s metabolic, immune, and restorative actions occur.
NREM sleep.
20-40 minutes, 25% time sleeping
What is Stage 4/REM of sleep?
Rapid eye movement, dreaming occurs.
Metabolisms and brain activity increase.
Memory storage.
REM sleep.
10-60 minutes, 25% time sleeping
What is a monopahsic sleep pattern?
Most common sleep pattern; one major block of time allocated for sleep.
What is a biphasic sleep pattern
Two sleep sessions per day, including a sleep period overnight and a shorter period during the day.
What is a polyphasic sleep pattern?
Normal for infants and young children; several sleep periods in a 24-hour day.
