Week 2 - Perception

Question 1

Define Perception

Answer 1

Conscious experience that results from stimulation of the senses

Question 2

What is the Inverse projection problem?

Answer 2

Task of determining the object that caused a particular image on the retina

Question 3

What is Viewpoint invariance?

Answer 3

The ability to recognize an object seen from different viewpoints

Question 4

What is Bottom up processing (AKA data based processing)?

Answer 4

Processing that starts with information received by the receptors.

Question 5

What is Top down processing (AKA knowledge based processing)

Answer 5

Processing that involves a persons knowledge or expectations. This type of processing has also been called knowledge-based processing

Question 6

What does Speech segmentation refer to?

Answer 6

The process of perceiving individual words within the continuous flow of the speech signal

Question 7

What are Transitional probabilities?

Answer 7

In speech, the likelihood that one speech sound will follow another within a word (eg pretty baby)

Question 8

What is Statistical learning?

Answer 8

The process of learning about transitional probabilities and about other characteristics of language. Statistical learning also occurs for vision. Based on learning about what types of things usually occur in the environment

Question 9

What is the Likelihood principle?

Answer 9

we perceive the object that is most likely to have caused the patters of stimuli we have receives

Question 10

What is the Unconscious interference:?

Answer 10

Helmholtzs idea that some of our perceptions are the results of unconscious assumptions that make about the environment

Question 11

Who were the Gestalt psychologists?

Answer 11

A group of psychologists who proposed principles governing perception, such as laws of organisation and a perceptual approach to problem-solving involving restructuring

Question 12

What is Apparent movement?

Answer 12

An illusion of movement perception that occurs when stimuli in different locations are flashed one after another with the proper timing

Question 13

What are Regularities in the environment:?

Answer 13

Characteristics of the environment that occur frequently (eg blye is associated with open sky, landscapes are often green)

Question 14

What are Semantic regularities?

Answer 14

Characteristics associated with the functions carried out in different types of scenes

Question 15

Name an example of a semantic regularity

Answer 15

food preparation, cooking and eating might all occur in a kitchen

Question 16

What is the Bayesian Inference?

Answer 16

a method of statistical inference in which Bayes’ theorem is used to update the probability for a hypothesis as more evidence or information becomes available

Question 17

What does Prior probability refer to?

Answer 17

A persons initial belief about the probability of an outcome

Question 18

What does likelihood refer to in Bayesian Inference?

Answer 18

In bayesian inference, the extent to which the available evidence is consistent with the outcome