Week 2 - Perception Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Perception

A

Conscious experience that results from stimulation of the senses

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2
Q

What is the Inverse projection problem?

A

Task of determining the object that caused a particular image on the retina

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3
Q

What is Viewpoint invariance?

A

The ability to recognize an object seen from different viewpoints

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4
Q

What is Bottom up processing (AKA data based processing)?

A

Processing that starts with information received by the receptors.

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5
Q

What is Top down processing (AKA knowledge based processing)

A

Processing that involves a persons knowledge or expectations. This type of processing has also been called knowledge-based processing

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6
Q

What does Speech segmentation refer to?

A

The process of perceiving individual words within the continuous flow of the speech signal

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7
Q

What are Transitional probabilities?

A

In speech, the likelihood that one speech sound will follow another within a word (eg pretty baby)

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8
Q

What is Statistical learning?

A

The process of learning about transitional probabilities and about other characteristics of language. Statistical learning also occurs for vision. Based on learning about what types of things usually occur in the environment

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9
Q

What is the Likelihood principle?

A

we perceive the object that is most likely to have caused the patters of stimuli we have receives

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10
Q

What is the Unconscious interference:?

A

Helmholtzs idea that some of our perceptions are the results of unconscious assumptions that make about the environment

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11
Q

Who were the Gestalt psychologists?

A

A group of psychologists who proposed principles governing perception, such as laws of organisation and a perceptual approach to problem-solving involving restructuring

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12
Q

What is Apparent movement?

A

An illusion of movement perception that occurs when stimuli in different locations are flashed one after another with the proper timing

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13
Q

What are Regularities in the environment:?

A

Characteristics of the environment that occur frequently (eg blye is associated with open sky, landscapes are often green)

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14
Q

What are Semantic regularities?

A

Characteristics associated with the functions carried out in different types of scenes

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15
Q

Name an example of a semantic regularity

A

food preparation, cooking and eating might all occur in a kitchen

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16
Q

What is the Bayesian Inference?

A

a method of statistical inference in which Bayes’ theorem is used to update the probability for a hypothesis as more evidence or information becomes available

17
Q

What does Prior probability refer to?

A

A persons initial belief about the probability of an outcome

18
Q

What does likelihood refer to in Bayesian Inference?

A

In bayesian inference, the extent to which the available evidence is consistent with the outcome