Week 2: Mites - COMPLETE ***** Flashcards
State the Class for Mites
- State their subclass
- Which other species do they share this subclass with?
arachnida
acari
ticks
Anatomy: How many legs do adults have?
- How many legs do nymphs have?
- How does their body differ to insects? 2
8
6
it is non-segmented
it consists of 2 sections not 3
Are all mites parasitic?
- What is a mite infestation called?
- What is the clinical name for a severe mite infestation?
no most mites are free living and non-parasitic
acariasis
mange
How long is their life cycle?
- What 2 major groups can you split mites into?
1-4 weeks
surface mites and burrowing mites
Surface Mites: State the name of a very significant mite with several strains affecting several hosts
- How do we name this mite differently for different species strains? e.g. for sheep
- why is this mite so damaging?
psoroptes
as ovis to the end for sheep
it causes severe irritation causing rubbing and subsequent trauma
Surface mites: Which mite causes sheep scab?
- What type of reaction is this to the mite?
- Is this a notifiable disease?
psoroptes ovis
hypersensitivity reaction and self trauma
no but it used to be
Surface Mites: Which mite can be found in the ear of rabbits?
psoroptes cuniculi
Surface Mites: Which mite is responsible for being the most common cause of mange in cattle and horses? (especially in the winter)
- Where on the body is often infested and what does this cause?
- Where might you find an infestation of a horse?
- What about in a cow?
chorioptes bovis
in localised areas causing lesions
on the lower legs
in the tail and perineum area
Surface Mites: State the most common ear mite in cats and dogs
- what clinical signs does it cause? 4
- what are the risks if left untreated?
- is it always clinical presentation?
- how can you diagnose them? 2
otodectes cynotis
thick red crusts in the external ear
head shaking
ear scratching
ear droop
the infection could spread to the inner ear
often subclinical
using an otoscope
or wax smear on slide for microscopic examination
Surface Mites: What is the most common surface mite to infect domestic fowls?
- What do they eat?
- What clinical signs would you expect to see in mild cases?
- What could happen in severe cases and why?
dermanyssus gallinae
a blood meal at night
loss of condition
death due to anaemia
Burrowing Mites: Name the 3 mites under the Sarcoptidae genus
sarcoptes
trixacarus
notoedres
Burrowing Mites: Which burrowing mite causes intense pruritus and has strains to affect most mammals?
- is it contagious?
- Why does it cause intense pruritus?
- How can you diagnose it?
sarcoptes scabei
yes
due to hypersensitivity to mite faecal material
deep skin scraping in 12 or more affected sites
Burrowing Mites: Which burrowing mite affects guinea pigs?
- What clinical signs might you see? 3
- How can you diagnose it? 2
trixacarus caviae
pruritus
alopecia
dermatitis
examination of hair shafts
skin scrapings
Burrowing Mites: Which burrowing mite affects cats?
- What clinical signs would you expect to see? 3
- Where on the cat is it most commonly found? 2
notoedres cati
pruritus
alopecia
dermatitis
on the head
around ears
Burrowing Mites: Which burrowing mite affects birds?
- What conditions is it usually responsible for? 2
- What clinical signs would you expect to see? 5
knemidocoptes
scaly face
scaly foot
pruritus
lameness
hyperkeratosis
inflammation
dried exudate
Burrowing Mites: Which burrowing mite lives particularly in the hair follicles of domestic animals?
- can it be found on healthy animals?
- Which animal is it most commonly seen in?
demodex
yes it is a normal commensal in low numbers
dogs
Burrowing Mites: Demodex Canis
- If you identify an infestation in a dog, what else should you suspect?
- What is an infestation often secondary to?
- is it localised or generalised?
an underlying disease
staphylococcal pyoderma
it can be either
Burrowing Mites: Demodex Canis
- If localised, where would you expect to find it?
- is a localised or generalised infection more severe?
- Which one is more indicative of an underlying disease?
- How can you diagnose it?
on the face and forelegs
generalised
generalised
by a hair pluck or skin scrape
Veterinary Significance: What are the direct effects of mite infestations on an animal? 3
direct epidermal damage
production of cutaneous hypersensitivity
loss of blood or other fluids
Veterinary Significance: Direct effects
- What types of lesions indicating epidermal damage could you see? 5
skin erythema
pruritus
scale formation
lichenification
crust formation
Veterinary Significance: What is the biggest indirect effect of mites?
mechanical or biological transmission of pathogens
Control: What drug groups can be used to treat affected animals?
- What other things can you do to help affected animals?
- What should you do to ‘in-contact’ animals?
- Which mite is not contagious?
isoxazolines
clip fur
treat with keratolytic shampoo to remove crusts
treat them if the mite is potentially contagious even if asymptomatic
demodex canis
Control: What can you do to the environment, especially for poultry mites? 2
physically clean the environment
use of miticidal agents
