Week 2: Lice - COMPLETE **** Flashcards
State the order for Lice
phthiraptera
Anatomy: What key anatomical features do they have and how do some of these link to their function? 4
claws for gripping hairs
dorso-ventrally flattened
wingless
mouthparts adapted for chewing on epidermal debris or sucking blood
What type of life cycle do they have?
hemimetabolous
What are the 2 main groups of lice and give their scientific name too?
sucking lice - anoplura
chewing lice - mallophaga
Anoplura: Which genus affects height-wise taller animals?
- state which animals these affect
haematopinus
cattle
horses
pigs
Anoplura: Which genus affects height-wise smaller animals?
- What is one exception?
- State the other species it affects
linognathus
cattle
sheep
goats
dogs
How can you identify suckling lice over chewing lice? 2
sucking lice are larger
they are often found with mouthparts embedded in skin
Mallophaga: State the Genus for the dog chewing lice
- State the genus for the cat chewing lice
trichodectes
felicola
Mallophaga: State the genus for the farm animal + horse chewing lice
bovicola
Mallophaga: State the 2 different Genus of chewing lice affecting Guinaea pigs
giricola
gyropus
Mallophaga: State the 3 different Genus of chewing lice affecting domestic birds
menacanthos
cuclotogaster
lipeurus
How can you identify chewing lice over sucking lice? 3
chewing lice are more active
they are not embedded in the skin
they can be seen moving through the hair
Describe the appearance of lice eggs 3
- where will they be found?
pale
translucent
sub oval
firmly glued to hairs near the skin
How long is the life cycle of a louse?
- How are they transmitted?
3-4 weeks
by direct contact
State the common and scientific name for the 3 types of louse affecting humans
head louse - pediculus humanus captus
body louse - pediculus humanus corporis
pubic louse - phthirus pubis
Where do human body louse live?
they live on clothes
they crawl to the skin to feed 5 times a day
State and explain a direct effect of Lice
- how does this negatively affect the animal?
- What clinical signs would you expect to see? 4
pediculosis which is an infestation of lice
it can cause dermal irritation
pruritus
unthrifty appearance
rough coat
loss of hair
State an indirect effect of human sucking lice
- Give examples of types of diseases they can spread 3
- Give an example of an animal louse and give a disease it can spread
mechanical spread of diseases
typhus
louse-borne relapsing fever
trench fever
the pig louse is a mechanical vector for swine pox
Large Animals: How would a lice infestation manifest itself in behavioural changes? 3
- Why can this be problematic economically? 2
- What clinical signs would you expect to see in a severe infestation? 3
biting
scratching
rubbing
it can cause damage to fences trees and buildings
it can damage hide which downgrades leather quality
weight loss
poor milk production
anaemia
Small animals: Is a Lice infestation common in domestic animals?
- Which small animals would be most likely to develop a lice infestation? 3
no
elderly animals
animals in poor health
longhaired breeds unable to groom themselves
Birds: Which life stage bird would be most severely affected by a lice infestation?
- What are some of the consequences to a lice infestation and what can they lead to? 2
- What could predispose a chick to experiencing a more severe lice infestation and why?
chicks
damaged skin may lead to a secondary bacterial infection
irritation leading to restlessness, feather plucking and cessation of feeding
beak trimming as the chick would be unable to properly groom itself
Control: Why is control of lice very straightforward? 3
because lice can only survive a few days off the host
so they spend their whole life cycle on the host
so the environmental control is not required
Control: what factors do you need to consider when treating animals for lice? 3
are they sucking or chewing lice
timing of treatment
treat all animals at the same time
Control: Give an example of a treatment for Horses
- What other products are available for lice treatment in animals?
deosect
spot ons
