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2804NRS - Human Pathophysiology and Pharmacology > Week 2 - Microbiology > Flashcards

Week 2 - Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

A micro-organism that causes disease

A

Pathogen

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2
Q

Unicellular organism that does not require living tissue to survive

A

Bacteria

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3
Q

A micro-organisms that can only reproduce inside a host cell

A

Virus

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4
Q

Presence and multiplication of micro-organism that is not yet causing disease

A

Colonisation

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5
Q

Spore-bearing eukaryotic micro-organism

A

Fungi

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6
Q

Single-cell micro-organism that reproduce asexually by cell division

A

Protozoa

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7
Q

Parasitic intestinal worm

A

Helminth

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8
Q

Infection by a non-pathogenic organism that has become pathogenic

A

Opportunistic Infection

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9
Q

A generic term for the ability of a pathogen to cause disease

A

Virulence

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10
Q

Infection that develops during hospitalisation

A

Nosocomial Infection

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11
Q

The invasion of the body’s tissues by pathogenic agents

A

Infection

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12
Q

A chemical agent that inhibit growth or kill microbes

A

Anti-microbials

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13
Q

A chemical agent used to manage infection caused by pathogenic bacteria

A

Antibiotics

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14
Q

Antimicrobial substances that are applied to tissue/skin to reduce the possibility of infection

A

Antiseptics

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15
Q

Capacity of microbes to cause disease

A

Pathogenicity

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16
Q

Rod-shaped bacteria

A

Bacilli

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17
Q

Spherical-shaped bacteria

A

Cocci

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18
Q

Wavy-shaped bacteria

A

Spiral

19
Q

Bacteria arranged into irregular clusters

A

Staph

20
Q

Bacteria arranged into chain clusters

A

Strep

21
Q

Bacteria arranged into pair clusters

A

Diplo

22
Q

Usually produced from gram+ bacteria, very toxic, protein substance

A

Exotoxin

23
Q

Present in the cell wall of gram- bacteria, liposaccaride; very toxic

A

Endotoxin

24
Q

The primary method of reproduction of bacteria

A

Binary fission

25
Q

Bacteria that give a + result in the gram stain test, due to their thick peptidoglycan cell wall

A

Gram+

26
Q

Bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain as they have a thin peptidoglycan cell wall

A

Gram-

27
Q

Tiny hairlike structures to assist in attachment of bacteria to tissue and share genetic material

A

Pili

28
Q

A method of staining used to differentiate bacterial species into 2 large groups (gram- and gram+)

A

Gram staining

29
Q

Bacteria that can live and grow in the presence of oxygen

A

Aerobic

30
Q

Bacteria that can live and grow in the absence of oxygen

A

Anaerobic

31
Q

Pathogen that remains confined to a location

A

Local infection

32
Q

Infection spreads to many sites, typically through the circulation

A

Systemic infection

33
Q

Multiplication of pathogens in the blood

A

Septicemia

34
Q

A life-threatening condition that arises when the body’s response to infection injures its own tissues and organs

A

Sepsis

35
Q

Presence of bacteria in the blood

A

Bacteremia

36
Q

Presence of bacteria toxins in the blood

A

Toxemia

37
Q

Presence of viruses in the blood

A

Viremia

38
Q

Infection and clinical manifestations caused by single pathogen type

A

Primary infection

39
Q

Infection caused by pathogen other than that in primary infection, usually opportunistic

A

Secondary infection

40
Q

Does not cause any apparent clinical manifestations

A

Subclinical infection

41
Q

Refers to the time between pathogen entry and first appearance of clinical manifestations

A

Incubation phase

42
Q

Time taken when an infected person will start to feel sick and fatigued

A

Prodromal phase

43
Q

Infection obvious, clinical manifestations peak

A

Acute phase

2804NRS - Human Pathophysiology and Pharmacology (5 decks)

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