Week 2 Lectures (human/animal behaviour)

Question 1

What is the general form of a statistical model?

Answer 1

outcome = (model) + error

Question 2

What are 2 characteristics of a mean

Answer 2

• its the sum of all scores divided by the number of scores
• Its the value from which the (squared) scores deviate least

Question 3

What is the equation of a mean?

Answer 3

Question 4

How do you calculate the deviation?

Answer 4

Taking each score and subtracting the mean from it

Question 5

What is a deviation?

Question 6

What is the Sum of squared errors (SS)?

Answer 6

The sum of all the deviations, squared

Question 7

What is the problem with using the Sum of squared errors to quantify deviation?

Answer 7

All the scores are positive, so the number increases the higher the scores are

Question 8

How do we calculate the variance?

Answer 8

Divide by the SS (Sum of squared errors) ,with the number of scores that we have - 1, (N - 1)

SS/ (N-1)

Question 9

What is the symbol for variance?

Answer 9

s2 (s^2)

Question 10

What is the standard devation in relation to the variance?

Answer 10

The square root of the variance

Question 11

What is a statistic?

Answer 11

A statistic is a calculated measure for which the frequency of occurance of values is known

Question 12

How do test statistics relate to effects and error?

Answer 12

Test statistic = (Variance explained by the model/Variance not explained by the model) = (effect/error)

Question 13

What does ! mean in statistics and calculations?

Answer 13

It is a factorial

meaning the number is multiplied by all the natural counting numbers below it

Question 14

What is the alpha symbol in statistics?

Answer 14

A significant level e.g 0.05

Question 15

What is the beta symbol in statistics?

Answer 15

Power in statistics

Question 16

What is the delta symbol in statistics?

Answer 16

A small increment

Question 18

What is the falsifiability criterion?

Answer 18

The methods of evaluating evididence relating to a theory, must always include the possibility that the data will falsify the theory.

Therefore, for a theory to be useful, the predictions to be drawn from it must be specific, with experimental results having the potential to disprove the theory