Week 1 Lectures (Good research practice) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the stages of the research process

A

Initial observation
Generate theory
Generate hypothesis
Collect data to test theory
Analyse data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a theory

A

A hypothesized general principle or set of principles that explains known findings about a topic and from which new hypotheses can be generated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a hypothesis

A

A prediction from a theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is falsification

A

The act of disproving a theory or hypothesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the criteria for an independent variable

A

The proposed cause
A predictor variable
A manipulated variable in experiments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the criteria for a dependent variable

A

The proposed effect
An outcome variable
Measured in experiments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Types of categorical measurements

A

Binary variable (Two categories)

Nominal variable (More than two categories)

Ordinal variable (More than two categories where the categories have a logical order)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the types of continuous measurements?

A

Interval variable

Ratio variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is an interval variable?

A

Equal intervals on the variable represent equal differences in the property being measured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a ratio variable?

A

The same as an interval variable but the ratios of the scores on the scales must also make sense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the definition of measurement error?

A

The discrepancy between the actual value were trying to measure and the number we use to represent that value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the definition of validity?

A

Whether an instrument measures what it is set out to measure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is content validity?

A

Evidence that the content of a test corresponds to the content of the construct it was designed to cover

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is ecological validity?

A

Evidence that the results of a study experiment or test can be applied, and allow inferences, to real world conditions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the definition of reliability?

A

The ability of the measure to produce the same results under the same conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Test-retest reliability

A

The ability of a measure to produce consistent results when the same entities are tested at two different points in time

17
Q

What is correlational research?

A

Observing what naturally goes on in the world without directly interfering with it

18
Q

What is cross sectional research?

A

This term implies that data comes from people at diferent age points, with people representing each age point.

19
Q

What is experimental research?

A

One or more variable is systemically manipulated to see their effect on an outcome variable

Statements can be made about cause and effect

20
Q

What is a histogram/frequency distrubution?

A

A graph plotting values of observations on the horizontal axis, with a bar showing how many times each value occured in the data set

21
Q

What does a positive skew look like?

A

Scores bunched at low values with the tails pointing to high values

22
Q

What does a negative skew look like?

A

Scores bunched at high values with the tails pointing to low values

23
Q

What is kurtosis on a distribution graph

A

The ‘heaviness’ of the tales

24
Q

What does leptokurtic mean?

A

Heavy Tails

25
What does platykurtic mean?
light tails
26
What does bimodal mean?
There is several modes
27
What does multimodal mean?
Having several modes
28
What is the standardised measure?
Expressing a score in terms of how many standard deviations it is away from the mean
29
What class of numbers is reffered to by the symbol N?
Natural counting numbers e.g 1,2,3... or prime numbers 2,3,5,7...
30
What class of numbers are refered to by the symbol Z?
Intergers that include negative values e.g -3,-2,-1,0,1...
31
What class of numbers are reffered to by Q?
Rational numbers (numbers that can be described by a fraction of whole intergers)
32
What class of numbers are reffered to by R?
Real numbers
33
What class of numbers are reffered to by C?
Complex numbers
34
What does it mean if a number is rational or irrational?
Rational = can be expressed as a fraction Irrational = Cannot be expressed as a fraction
35