Week 2 Lab Values Flashcards
WBC white blood cell count
3.3 - 10.7 bil / L
3.87 - 5.08 tril / L (female)
RBC
RBC female
3.87 - 5.08 tril / L
12.1 - 15 g/dl (female)
Hemoglobin (Hgb)
13.5 - 17 g/dL (male)
Hemoglobin (Hgb)
Hemoglobin (Hgb) male
13.5 - 17 g/dL
Hemoglobin (Hgb) Female
12.1 - 15 g/ dL
Hemacrit (Hct) Female
35.4 - 44.2%
Hemacrit (Hct) male
40.1 - 50.1 %
40.1 - 50.1 %
Hemacrit (Hct) Male
150 - 400 bil/L
Platelets (Plt)
Platelets (Plt)
150 - 400 bil/L
What are CBC used for?
Diagnose, evaluate, and monitor bacterial and viral infections, anemias, and leukemic disorders
Sodium
Potassium
Chloride
Carbon Dioxide
Glucose
BUN
Creatinine
GFR
Are all part of what?
Basic Metabolic Panel
The Basic Metabolic Panel consists of (8)
Sodium
Potassium
Chloride
Carbon Dioxide
Glucose
BUN
Creatinine
GFR
Sally Painted Cheetahs, Carrying Great Big Crates and GFR stands for what?
The Basic Metabolic Panel
Sodium
Potassium
Chloride
Carbon Dioxide
Glucose
BUN
Creatinine
GFR
Basic Metabolic Panel 135 - 145 mEq/L
Sodium NA
Basic Metabolic Panel: Sodium (NA)
135 - 145
Basic Metabolic Panel: 3.5 - 5.2
Potassium (K)
Basic Metabolic Panel: Potassium (K)
3.5 - 5.2
Basic Metabolic Panel: 98 - 110
Chloride Cl-
Basic Metabolic Panel: Chloride
98 - 110
Basic Metabolic Panel: 22 - 32
Carbon Dioxide
Basic Metabolic Panel: Carbon Dioxide
22 - 32
Basic Metabolic Panel: 60 - 99 fasting, 60 - 139 random
Glucose
Basic Metabolic Panel: Glucose (fasting, random)
60 - 99 , 60 - 139
Basic Metabolic Panel: What is BUN
Blood Uria Nitrogen
The amount of nitrogen in the form of urea in your blood.
Baisc Metabolic Panel: BUN
8 - 22
Baisc Metabolic Panel: 8 - 22
BUN
Baisc Metabolic Panel: Creatinine
0.60 - 1.40
It is a measure of how well your kidneys are functioning in terms of filtering waste and excess substances from the blood
GFR Glomerulus Filtration Rate
Basic Metabolic Panel: >60%
GFR
Basic Metabolic Panel: GFR
> 60
Hypokalemia / Hyperkalemia Values
Hypokalemia under 3.5
Hyperkalemia over 5.2
Hyponatremia / Hyponatremia
Hyponatremia = Low Sodium <135
Hypernatremia = High Sodium <145
Which number will nurses intervine if it is even slightly off
Potassium (K)
3.5 - 5.2
Electrolytes: 1.7 - 2.5
Magnesium
Electrolytes: Phosphorus
2.3 - 4.3
Cardiac Marker: Creatinine Kinase (CK) Range is….
What does a higher value mean
40 - 230
Higher means Muscle Damage
Arterial Blood Gases measure the ____ and the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood from and artery
pH
Leukopenia =
Leukocytosis =
Leukopenia Low WBC < 3 bil/L
Leukocytosis High WBC > 11 bil/L
The pret/intra/posttest phase can be divided into
(4)
Assessment, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation
This part of the Pretest is concerned with determining if the paitent
- Understands the procedure
- Ability to follow preparation and to tolerate actual procedure
Evaluation
The intratest phase can be divided into (3)
Planning, Implantation, Evaluation
Ultra sound restrictions
Sometimes fluid restrictions or requirements depending on area being scanned
What is used to:
Assess Heart Vales
Vein for DVT
Carotid arteries for blockage
visualize and assess organs
provide guidance in biopsies
Assist in Diagnosis certain cancers
Fluid collection
Masses
Infections & Obstructions
Ultrasound
CT stands for
Computed Tomography
Contraindications for MRI / MRA (4)
Pacemakers, copper IUDs, ear implants,
Considerations for this test include: Claustrophobia, cost, lengthy, loud banging
MRI / MRA
Positron Emission Tomography aka..
Assess blood flow and metabolic processes assist with cancer diagnosis and tumor staging
PET scan
What does PET scan stand for
Positron Emission Tomography
alcohol, tobacco, or caffeine for 24 hours prior.
No excessive exercise for 72 hours prior
No metal in exam field
Calm state
Drugs by that alter glucose can alter results
Describes this test
PET scan
This measures the Acidity (PH) amd levels of Oxygen & Carbon Dioxide
ABG
______ is a blood protein produced by the liver. It helps maintain blood pressure, transports substances, and regulates fluid balance. Low levels may signal health issues like liver or kidney disease.
Albumin
Hematocrit is equal to ____ times hemoglobin
3
Low protein and albumin is associated with this condition
Malnutrition
Lipids: Cholesterol
< 200
Lipids: Triglycerides
<150
Lipids: Non-HDL
<160
Lipids: Cholesterol/ HDL Ratio
<5
Rhybadomylosis
Break down of muscles tissue
Hemolysis aka False Reading can happen 4 ways
Mislabeled
Using incorrect tube
Collected at wrong time
Stored at wrong temperature
Thrombocytopenia = Low Platelets
Bleeding precaution
Access for: (3)
Use of Electric Razor, Bleeding gums, Nosebleeds
Reverse Isolation is used for which type of paitents
Neutropenic / leukopenia
Chrons disease, GI bleeding, Surgery, Pregnant, Low Iron / B12, Heavy Periods, Pica are all associated with this disease
Anemia
What type of restrictions do X-ray test have?
Typically no food, fluid, activity, or medication restrictions
Bone x rays look for…
Fractures, deformities, dislocations, degeneration
Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) looks at…
Blood flow and vessels
Magnesium & Phosphorus test maybe ordered here
ICU & Cardiac Unit
Urinalysis: Diabetic hypertension will have _____ in urine
Keytones
INR range concerned with…
How thin is your blood
Dilantin
Treat and prevent seizures
Carbamazepie
can treat seizures, nerve pain, and bipolar disorder
What is the most important thing to consider when looking at the Test Number Values.
Trends
Is this normal for this person?
Is the trend getting better or worse
CBC
Complete Blood Count
Basic Metabolic Panel: Calcium
8.4 - 10.4
What is the difference between BMP and CMP comprehensive metabolic panel
CMP contains all the labs of BMP plus: Liver Enzymes, bilirubin, protein, albumin
Yellow pigment formed during the natural breakdown of red blood cells.
Processed by the liver and eliminated from the body in bile, which aids in fat digestion.
Elevated levels can lead to jaundice, where the skin and eyes turn yellow, often signaling underlying liver or blood-related issues.
Bilirubin
Polycythaemia
High red blood cell count
No blood transfer unless hemoglobin is less than….
7
Lipids: HDL
> 40
Hyperkalemia is associated with this disease
Heart Arythmia
3 phases of testing
Pretest, Intratest, Post-test
Chest x rays look for….
ID foreign bodies, posistion of lines, tubes, devices, Pneumonia, fractures, amd TB
MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging looks at ….
Vessels
Post this test
Monitor for delayed allergic reaction
Increase fluids for 24 - 48 hours
Flush toilet immediately after voiding and wash hands
Dye Eliminated in 6 - 24 hrs
___________________
Care giver must wear glove for 24 hrs post procedure
PET
_______ is a procedure that allows your doctor to examine the lining of your bladder and the tube that carries urine out of your body (urethra).
Cystoscopy (sis-TOS-kuh-pee)
________ is a test procedure to examine the lining of the esophagus, stomach, and first part of the small intestine
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
_______ is an endoscopic technique of visualizing the inside of the airways for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes
Bronchoscopy
____ is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen
Hemoglobin
To collect urine do these 2 steps
Clean glans penis & collect midstream
The average person not on a blood thinner had an IRN of
1 or slightly under
Phenobarbital
Antiseizure, with draw from alcohol and bendodiazpine, Insomnia
Basic Metabolic Panel: 8.4 - 10.4
Calcium
Baisc Metabolic Panel: 0.60 - 1.40
Creatinine
Steroids, Stress to body (Accident), Inflammation do what do WBC
Increase
Thrombocytopenia
Low platelets <150
Lipids: LDL
<130
Cardiac Marker: Troponin range is….
What does a higher value mean
0 - 0.5
Higher equals Cardiac Muscle Damage
Hemoglobin and hemacrit together can be used to diagnose this disease
Anemia
The “pretest” phase of testing can be broken into three parts
Diagnoatic, Therapeutic, Educative
This test maybe ordered with or without IV contrast
Assess for allergy to contrast - prep if necessary
Assess kidney function prior to contrast
If taking Metformin, may need to hold prior to test with contrast for 48 hours following test
Name this test
CT - Computed Tomography
Endoscopy consists of (4)
Colonoscopy
EGD
Bronchoscopy
Cytoscopy
Low magnesium is associated with
Atrial fibrillation
In a urine analysis
Low Specific Gravity: (Hydrated / Dehydrated)
High Specific Gravity: (Hydrated / Dehydrated)
Low: Hydrated
High: Dehydrated
2 keys for collection of blood culture
Collect before use of antibiotics
Collect 2 separate cultures from 2 separate sites
An INR range for someone taking Warfrin / Kumadin is….
2 - 3.5
Digoxin
Antiarrhythmic and Blood pressure support
Valproic Acid
Anti seizures
Theophylline
Asthma and lung issues
a lab is hemolyzed what does this mean?
The results are inaccurate
…. result of the breakdown of fatty acids. They serve as an alternative energy source for the body when glucose (sugar) is not readily available
Keytones
RBC MALE
4.7 to 6.1 million cells
Which test requires the patient to fast
Glucose / cholesterol
Colonoscopy
RBC, Hemoglobin, Hemacrit are all (lower / Higher) in females than males
Lower
WBC, this medication will make Leukocytosis
Steroids
High WBC >10.6 billion
Physiological stress will make (leukopenia/ Leukocytosis
Leukocytosis over 10.6 billion
Which test can be with or without contrast
CT scan
Polycythaemia may lead to pruritus (itchiness)
What is the polycythaemia in males and females.
Males >6 trillion
Females <5.4 trillion
Interventiosn: Fluid restrictions / salt tabs
Causes: Diarreah and vomiting
Hypo or Hypernatremia
Hyponatremia
Autoimmune, bone marrow problem, cancer, increased risk infection
Leukopenia
Low ____ critical, reverse isolation
CORRECT
Neutrophils
Infection, inflammatory response, certain medications, stress
Leukocytosis
Inability to clot, brusing, bleeding
Thrombocytopenia / Thrombocytosis
Thrombocytopenia
400+ bil/L platelets is called what
At risk for….
Thrombocytosis
Blood clots
High RBC can increase risk to blood clots
True or False
Hydration will help this true or False
True/ True
(Hypernatremia / Hyponatremia) Dehydration/ Too concentrated
(Hypernatremia / Hyponatremia)
Dilution, heart failure, thiazide diuretics, too much water
Dehydration = Hypernatremia
Too much water = Hyponatremia
Creatinine = this organ function
Kidney
Glucose can be altered post surgery or related to illness/Hospitalization
True or False
True
If RBC are low what will platelets be?
Low or high
High to compensate
Calcium normal levels
9 -11
Diuretics will cause (Hyponatremia or Hypernatremia)
Hyponatremia
Diabetics have high or low glucose
High
Average 1st year RN salary Michigan
$39.73 p/h
BUN, Creatinine, GFR
All are concerned with this organ
Kidneys
BUN and Creatinine the (Higher / Lower) the number the worse
Higher
The (Lower / Higher) GFR percent the better the function
Higher
ALP, AST, ALT are all ….
Liver enzymes
2.3 - 4.3
1.7 - 2.5
These electrolyte levels tend to be ordered on the ICU or Cardiac floors
2.3 - 4.3 Phosphorus
1.7 - 2.5 Magnesium
3 causes of keytones in urine
Keto diet, hypertension, diabetes
If urine test comes back only positive for bacteria, what is this an indication of….
Contaminación
If a urine lab comes back positive for bacteria, WBC, Leukocytes, Nitrates what is this an indication of
UTI
What does C & S test?
Culture = type of bacteria
Sensitivity = which antibiotics kill them
Which MIC number are we looking for in a urine culture
Lowest/ Susceptible
Catheter insertion is (medical/surgical asepsis)
Catheter care is (medical/surgical asepsis)
Insertion = surgical
Care = medical
This part of the pretest is concerned with getting consent
Planning
Test that requires consent the nurse is to answer questions to their best ability
True or False
False
You may not answer questions about test that require consent
Pretest, Intratest, Posttest: IMPLANTATION all have (3) parts
Correct
Diagnostic, Therapeutic, Educative
The pretest, intratest, posttest phases can be divided into 4 parts.
Correct
Assessment, Planning, Intervention, Evaluation
The nurse can discuss the results of the test with a patient
True or False
False
Give an example of an ultrasound where the patient has to drink water
Pregnant
Type of ultrasound where you can’t drink fluid
Abdominal
Abdominal CT scan it can be ordered this way
Oral contrast / IV contrast
CT with contrast if patient is mildy allergic to contrast the test maybe doable.
Give patient benadryl and steroids
True or false
True
CT scan with contrast may not be done on people with kidney problems
If taking metforman stop for 48 hrs before test
True or False
True
