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Monday 1155 Lecture > Week 2 Lab Values > Flashcards

Week 2 Lab Values Flashcards

1
Q

WBC white blood cell count

A

3.3 - 10.7 bil / L

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2
Q

3.87 - 5.08 tril / L (female)

A

RBC

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3
Q

RBC female

A

3.87 - 5.08 tril / L

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4
Q

12.1 - 15 g/dl (female)

A

Hemoglobin (Hgb)

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5
Q

13.5 - 17 g/dL (male)

A

Hemoglobin (Hgb)

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6
Q

Hemoglobin (Hgb) male

A

13.5 - 17 g/dL

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7
Q

Hemoglobin (Hgb) Female

A

12.1 - 15 g/ dL

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8
Q

Hemacrit (Hct) Female

A

35.4 - 44.2%

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9
Q

Hemacrit (Hct) male

A

40.1 - 50.1 %

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10
Q

40.1 - 50.1 %

A

Hemacrit (Hct) Male

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11
Q

150 - 400 bil/L

A

Platelets (Plt)

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12
Q

Platelets (Plt)

A

150 - 400 bil/L

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13
Q

What are CBC used for?

A

Diagnose, evaluate, and monitor bacterial and viral infections, anemias, and leukemic disorders

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14
Q

Sodium
Potassium
Chloride
Carbon Dioxide
Glucose
BUN
Creatinine
GFR

Are all part of what?

A

Basic Metabolic Panel

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15
Q

The Basic Metabolic Panel consists of (8)

A

Sodium
Potassium
Chloride
Carbon Dioxide
Glucose
BUN
Creatinine
GFR

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16
Q

Sally Painted Cheetahs, Carrying Great Big Crates and GFR stands for what?
The Basic Metabolic Panel

A

Sodium
Potassium
Chloride
Carbon Dioxide
Glucose
BUN
Creatinine
GFR

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17
Q

Basic Metabolic Panel 135 - 145 mEq/L

A

Sodium NA

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18
Q

Basic Metabolic Panel: Sodium (NA)

A

135 - 145

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19
Q

Basic Metabolic Panel: 3.5 - 5.2

A

Potassium (K)

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20
Q

Basic Metabolic Panel: Potassium (K)

A

3.5 - 5.2

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21
Q

Basic Metabolic Panel: 98 - 110

A

Chloride Cl-

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22
Q

Basic Metabolic Panel: Chloride

A

98 - 110

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23
Q

Basic Metabolic Panel: 22 - 32

A

Carbon Dioxide

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24
Q

Basic Metabolic Panel: Carbon Dioxide

A

22 - 32

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25
Q

Basic Metabolic Panel: 60 - 99 fasting, 60 - 139 random

A

Glucose

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26
Q

Basic Metabolic Panel: Glucose (fasting, random)

A

60 - 99 , 60 - 139

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27
Q

Basic Metabolic Panel: What is BUN
Blood Uria Nitrogen

A

The amount of nitrogen in the form of urea in your blood.

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28
Q

Baisc Metabolic Panel: BUN

A

8 - 22

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29
Q

Baisc Metabolic Panel: 8 - 22

A

BUN

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30
Q

Baisc Metabolic Panel: Creatinine

A

0.60 - 1.40

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31
Q

It is a measure of how well your kidneys are functioning in terms of filtering waste and excess substances from the blood

A

GFR Glomerulus Filtration Rate

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32
Q

Basic Metabolic Panel: >60%

A

GFR

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33
Q

Basic Metabolic Panel: GFR

A

> 60

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34
Q

Hypokalemia / Hyperkalemia Values

A

Hypokalemia under 3.5
Hyperkalemia over 5.2

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35
Q

Hyponatremia / Hyponatremia

A

Hyponatremia = Low Sodium <135
Hypernatremia = High Sodium <145

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36
Q

Which number will nurses intervine if it is even slightly off

A

Potassium (K)

3.5 - 5.2

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37
Q

Electrolytes: 1.7 - 2.5

A

Magnesium

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38
Q

Electrolytes: Phosphorus

A

2.3 - 4.3

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39
Q

Cardiac Marker: Creatinine Kinase (CK) Range is….
What does a higher value mean

A

40 - 230

Higher means Muscle Damage

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40
Q

Arterial Blood Gases measure the ____ and the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood from and artery

A

pH

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41
Q

Leukopenia =

Leukocytosis =

A

Leukopenia Low WBC < 3 bil/L

Leukocytosis High WBC > 11 bil/L

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42
Q

The pret/intra/posttest phase can be divided into
(4)

A

Assessment, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation

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43
Q

This part of the Pretest is concerned with determining if the paitent

  1. Understands the procedure
  2. Ability to follow preparation and to tolerate actual procedure
A

Evaluation

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44
Q

The intratest phase can be divided into (3)

A

Planning, Implantation, Evaluation

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45
Q

Ultra sound restrictions

A

Sometimes fluid restrictions or requirements depending on area being scanned

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46
Q

What is used to:
Assess Heart Vales
Vein for DVT
Carotid arteries for blockage
visualize and assess organs
provide guidance in biopsies
Assist in Diagnosis certain cancers
Fluid collection
Masses
Infections & Obstructions

A

Ultrasound

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47
Q

CT stands for

A

Computed Tomography

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48
Q

Contraindications for MRI / MRA (4)

A

Pacemakers, copper IUDs, ear implants,

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49
Q

Considerations for this test include: Claustrophobia, cost, lengthy, loud banging

A

MRI / MRA

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50
Q

Positron Emission Tomography aka..

Assess blood flow and metabolic processes assist with cancer diagnosis and tumor staging

A

PET scan

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51
Q

What does PET scan stand for

A

Positron Emission Tomography

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52
Q

alcohol, tobacco, or caffeine for 24 hours prior.

No excessive exercise for 72 hours prior

No metal in exam field

Calm state

Drugs by that alter glucose can alter results

Describes this test

A

PET scan

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53
Q

This measures the Acidity (PH) amd levels of Oxygen & Carbon Dioxide

A

ABG

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54
Q

______ is a blood protein produced by the liver. It helps maintain blood pressure, transports substances, and regulates fluid balance. Low levels may signal health issues like liver or kidney disease.

A

Albumin

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55
Q

Hematocrit is equal to ____ times hemoglobin

A

3

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56
Q

Low protein and albumin is associated with this condition

A

Malnutrition

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57
Q

Lipids: Cholesterol

A

< 200

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58
Q

Lipids: Triglycerides

A

<150

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59
Q

Lipids: Non-HDL

A

<160

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60
Q

Lipids: Cholesterol/ HDL Ratio

A

<5

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61
Q

Rhybadomylosis

A

Break down of muscles tissue

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62
Q

Hemolysis aka False Reading can happen 4 ways

A

Mislabeled

Using incorrect tube

Collected at wrong time

Stored at wrong temperature

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63
Q

Thrombocytopenia = Low Platelets
Bleeding precaution
Access for: (3)

A

Use of Electric Razor, Bleeding gums, Nosebleeds

64
Q

Reverse Isolation is used for which type of paitents

A

Neutropenic / leukopenia

65
Q

Chrons disease, GI bleeding, Surgery, Pregnant, Low Iron / B12, Heavy Periods, Pica are all associated with this disease

A

Anemia

66
Q

What type of restrictions do X-ray test have?

A

Typically no food, fluid, activity, or medication restrictions

67
Q

Bone x rays look for…

A

Fractures, deformities, dislocations, degeneration

68
Q

Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) looks at…

A

Blood flow and vessels

69
Q

Magnesium & Phosphorus test maybe ordered here

A

ICU & Cardiac Unit

70
Q

Urinalysis: Diabetic hypertension will have _____ in urine

A

Keytones

71
Q

INR range concerned with…

A

How thin is your blood

72
Q

Dilantin

A

Treat and prevent seizures

73
Q

Carbamazepie

A

can treat seizures, nerve pain, and bipolar disorder

74
Q

What is the most important thing to consider when looking at the Test Number Values.

A

Trends

Is this normal for this person?
Is the trend getting better or worse

75
Q

CBC

A

Complete Blood Count

76
Q

Basic Metabolic Panel: Calcium

A

8.4 - 10.4

77
Q

What is the difference between BMP and CMP comprehensive metabolic panel

A

CMP contains all the labs of BMP plus: Liver Enzymes, bilirubin, protein, albumin

78
Q

Yellow pigment formed during the natural breakdown of red blood cells.

Processed by the liver and eliminated from the body in bile, which aids in fat digestion.

Elevated levels can lead to jaundice, where the skin and eyes turn yellow, often signaling underlying liver or blood-related issues.

A

Bilirubin

79
Q

Polycythaemia

A

High red blood cell count

80
Q

No blood transfer unless hemoglobin is less than….

A

7

81
Q

Lipids: HDL

A

> 40

82
Q

Hyperkalemia is associated with this disease

A

Heart Arythmia

83
Q

3 phases of testing

A

Pretest, Intratest, Post-test

84
Q

Chest x rays look for….

A

ID foreign bodies, posistion of lines, tubes, devices, Pneumonia, fractures, amd TB

85
Q

MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging looks at ….

A

Vessels

86
Q

Post this test

Monitor for delayed allergic reaction

Increase fluids for 24 - 48 hours

Flush toilet immediately after voiding and wash hands

Dye Eliminated in 6 - 24 hrs

___________________

Care giver must wear glove for 24 hrs post procedure

A

PET

87
Q

_______ is a procedure that allows your doctor to examine the lining of your bladder and the tube that carries urine out of your body (urethra).

A

Cystoscopy (sis-TOS-kuh-pee)

88
Q

________ is a test procedure to examine the lining of the esophagus, stomach, and first part of the small intestine

A

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

89
Q

_______ is an endoscopic technique of visualizing the inside of the airways for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes

A

Bronchoscopy

90
Q

____ is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen

A

Hemoglobin

91
Q

To collect urine do these 2 steps

A

Clean glans penis & collect midstream

92
Q

The average person not on a blood thinner had an IRN of

A

1 or slightly under

93
Q

Phenobarbital

A

Antiseizure, with draw from alcohol and bendodiazpine, Insomnia

94
Q

Basic Metabolic Panel: 8.4 - 10.4

A

Calcium

95
Q

Baisc Metabolic Panel: 0.60 - 1.40

A

Creatinine

96
Q

Steroids, Stress to body (Accident), Inflammation do what do WBC

A

Increase

97
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Low platelets <150

98
Q

Lipids: LDL

A

<130

99
Q

Cardiac Marker: Troponin range is….

A

What does a higher value mean
0 - 0.5
Higher equals Cardiac Muscle Damage

100
Q

Hemoglobin and hemacrit together can be used to diagnose this disease

A

Anemia

101
Q

The “pretest” phase of testing can be broken into three parts

A

Diagnoatic, Therapeutic, Educative

102
Q

This test maybe ordered with or without IV contrast

Assess for allergy to contrast - prep if necessary

Assess kidney function prior to contrast

If taking Metformin, may need to hold prior to test with contrast for 48 hours following test

Name this test

A

CT - Computed Tomography

103
Q

Endoscopy consists of (4)

A

Colonoscopy
EGD
Bronchoscopy
Cytoscopy

104
Q

Low magnesium is associated with

A

Atrial fibrillation

105
Q

In a urine analysis
Low Specific Gravity: (Hydrated / Dehydrated)
High Specific Gravity: (Hydrated / Dehydrated)

A

Low: Hydrated
High: Dehydrated

106
Q

2 keys for collection of blood culture

A

Collect before use of antibiotics
Collect 2 separate cultures from 2 separate sites

107
Q

An INR range for someone taking Warfrin / Kumadin is….

A

2 - 3.5

108
Q

Digoxin

A

Antiarrhythmic and Blood pressure support

109
Q

Valproic Acid

A

Anti seizures

110
Q

Theophylline

A

Asthma and lung issues

111
Q

a lab is hemolyzed what does this mean?

A

The results are inaccurate

112
Q

…. result of the breakdown of fatty acids. They serve as an alternative energy source for the body when glucose (sugar) is not readily available

A

Keytones

113
Q

RBC MALE

A

4.7 to 6.1 million cells

114
Q

Which test requires the patient to fast

A

Glucose / cholesterol

Colonoscopy

115
Q

RBC, Hemoglobin, Hemacrit are all (lower / Higher) in females than males

A

Lower

116
Q

WBC, this medication will make Leukocytosis

A

Steroids

High WBC >10.6 billion

117
Q

Physiological stress will make (leukopenia/ Leukocytosis

A

Leukocytosis over 10.6 billion

118
Q

Which test can be with or without contrast

A

CT scan

119
Q

Polycythaemia may lead to pruritus (itchiness)

What is the polycythaemia in males and females.

A

Males >6 trillion

Females <5.4 trillion

120
Q

Interventiosn: Fluid restrictions / salt tabs

Causes: Diarreah and vomiting

Hypo or Hypernatremia

A

Hyponatremia

121
Q

Autoimmune, bone marrow problem, cancer, increased risk infection

A

Leukopenia

122
Q

Low ____ critical, reverse isolation

CORRECT

A

Neutrophils

123
Q

Infection, inflammatory response, certain medications, stress

A

Leukocytosis

124
Q

Inability to clot, brusing, bleeding

Thrombocytopenia / Thrombocytosis

A

Thrombocytopenia

125
Q

400+ bil/L platelets is called what

At risk for….

A

Thrombocytosis

Blood clots

126
Q

High RBC can increase risk to blood clots
True or False

Hydration will help this true or False

A

True/ True

127
Q

(Hypernatremia / Hyponatremia) Dehydration/ Too concentrated

(Hypernatremia / Hyponatremia)
Dilution, heart failure, thiazide diuretics, too much water

A

Dehydration = Hypernatremia

Too much water = Hyponatremia

128
Q

Creatinine = this organ function

A

Kidney

129
Q

Glucose can be altered post surgery or related to illness/Hospitalization

True or False

A

True

130
Q

If RBC are low what will platelets be?

Low or high

A

High to compensate

131
Q

Calcium normal levels

A

9 -11

132
Q

Diuretics will cause (Hyponatremia or Hypernatremia)

A

Hyponatremia

133
Q

Diabetics have high or low glucose

A

High

134
Q

Average 1st year RN salary Michigan

A

$39.73 p/h

135
Q

BUN, Creatinine, GFR

All are concerned with this organ

A

Kidneys

136
Q

BUN and Creatinine the (Higher / Lower) the number the worse

A

Higher

137
Q

The (Lower / Higher) GFR percent the better the function

A

Higher

138
Q

ALP, AST, ALT are all ….

A

Liver enzymes

139
Q

2.3 - 4.3

1.7 - 2.5

These electrolyte levels tend to be ordered on the ICU or Cardiac floors

A

2.3 - 4.3 Phosphorus

1.7 - 2.5 Magnesium

140
Q

3 causes of keytones in urine

A

Keto diet, hypertension, diabetes

141
Q

If urine test comes back only positive for bacteria, what is this an indication of….

A

Contaminación

142
Q

If a urine lab comes back positive for bacteria, WBC, Leukocytes, Nitrates what is this an indication of

A

UTI

143
Q

What does C & S test?

A

Culture = type of bacteria

Sensitivity = which antibiotics kill them

144
Q

Which MIC number are we looking for in a urine culture

A

Lowest/ Susceptible

145
Q

Catheter insertion is (medical/surgical asepsis)

Catheter care is (medical/surgical asepsis)

A

Insertion = surgical

Care = medical

146
Q

This part of the pretest is concerned with getting consent

A

Planning

147
Q

Test that requires consent the nurse is to answer questions to their best ability

True or False

A

False

You may not answer questions about test that require consent

148
Q

Pretest, Intratest, Posttest: IMPLANTATION all have (3) parts

Correct

A

Diagnostic, Therapeutic, Educative

149
Q

The pretest, intratest, posttest phases can be divided into 4 parts.

Correct

A

Assessment, Planning, Intervention, Evaluation

150
Q

The nurse can discuss the results of the test with a patient

True or False

A

False

151
Q

Give an example of an ultrasound where the patient has to drink water

A

Pregnant

152
Q

Type of ultrasound where you can’t drink fluid

A

Abdominal

153
Q

Abdominal CT scan it can be ordered this way

A

Oral contrast / IV contrast

154
Q

CT with contrast if patient is mildy allergic to contrast the test maybe doable.

Give patient benadryl and steroids

True or false

A

True

155
Q

CT scan with contrast may not be done on people with kidney problems

If taking metforman stop for 48 hrs before test

True or False

A

True

Monday 1155 Lecture (8 decks)

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