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Patho > Week 2-Innate Immunity > Flashcards

Week 2-Innate Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Natural barriers, non specific, no memory. What kind of immunity?

A

Innate

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2
Q

In innate immunity, what is the first line of defense?

A

Physical barriers, mechanical barriers, & biochemical barriers.

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3
Q

Types of phys, mechanical barriers

A

Skin, linings of tracts, excretion/elimination (mucous, urinate, vomit),

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4
Q

Example of biochemical barriers

A

Antibacterial peptides in mucous, sweat, saliva, tears, earwax

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5
Q

Types of Antibacterial peptides

A

-Cathelicidins - Released by neutrophils & mast cells
-Detensins-In epithelium
-Collectins-Specific to lungs/surfactant

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6
Q

In innate immunity, what is the second line of defense?

A

Inflammation

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7
Q

Causes of inflammation

A

Infex, mech. damage, ischemia, malnutrition, temp. extremes, radiation

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8
Q

Characteristics of inflammation r/t innate immnity

A

-Nonspecific
-Rapidly initiated
-No memory

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9
Q

S/S inflammation

A

Erythema, heat, edema, pain, loss of function

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10
Q

Vasc resspone during inflammation:

A

Dilation (allows blood to get through)
Increased vasc. permeability (allows wbc to get through and fight)
Diapedesis

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11
Q

What is Diapedesis?

A

process of migration of leukocytes (wbc) from blood vessels to sites of tissue damage/infex/inflamm

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12
Q

The complement system …

A

Destroys pathogens directly

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13
Q

Functions of complement system:
Anaphylatoxic activity:

A

Mast cell degranulation: Release granules from inside mast cell (in this case, granule is histamine)

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14
Q

What does histamine do?

A

dilation of blood vessels-> increases permeability

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15
Q

Functions of complement system:
Chemotaxis:

A

Drawing WBC to an area

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16
Q

Functions of complement system:
Opsorization:

A

Tagging antigen for destruction

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17
Q

Functions of complement system:
Cell lysis:

A

Directly killing

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18
Q

Clotting system:
Extrinsic

A

Activated by injury outside vasc space

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19
Q

Clotting system:
Intrinsic

A

Activated by injury to vasc wall

20
Q

Function of Kinin system

A

Dilation & pain (smooth muscle contraction)

21
Q

cellular mediators of inflammation-“Front line soldiers”

A

Granulocytes

22
Q

3 types of granulocytes are

A

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

23
Q

Show up on bacterial infex

A

Neutrophils

24
Q

Show up on parasitic infex, allergies

A

Eosinophils

25
Q

Show up on autoimmune responses, allergies

A

Basophils

26
Q

Mast cells release what

A

Histamine (causes vasodilation)

27
Q

Cellular fragments are

A

Platelets

28
Q

Biochemical mediators come from

A

Destroyed/damaged cells (release chemicals that assist in repair or may cause necrosis)

29
Q

Name this:
-Toll like receptors (TLR) -> recognize pathogen-associated molecular receptors (PAMPs).
-Scavenger receptors - Promote phagocytosis

A

Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR)

30
Q

Cellular Products:
What do chemokines do?

A

Attract WBC

31
Q

Cellular Products:
What do cytokines do?

A

Elicit inflammatory response (can also regulate it)

32
Q

2 Types of cytokines:

A

Interleukins
Interferons (in viruses; prevent further infex)

33
Q

Cellular Products:
Mast Cells

A

Promote dilation, in connective tissues

34
Q

List the Phagocytes

A

-Neutrophils
-Eosinophils
-Basophils
-Dendritic Cells
-Monocytes (precursor to macrophages)
-Macrophages

35
Q

What do Dendritic cells do?

A

-Present antigen for killing
-Wok w/ T cells in lymph

36
Q

What are monocytes the precursor to?

A

Macrophages

37
Q

Macrophages…

A

-Larger, more active than monocytes
-promote healing
-initiate inflammation

38
Q

In phagocytosis, what is opsonization?

A

Tagging of antigen

39
Q

Serous is

A

watery

40
Q

fibrinous is

A

thick, clotted

41
Q

purulent is

A

pus

42
Q

hemorrhagic is

A

bloody

43
Q

What are bands?

A

Immature WBCs (neutrophils)

44
Q

Why are bands concerning?

A

Signifies all mature WBCs have been used, system is working hard to fight infex

45
Q

There stages of wound healing process are:

A

1) Filling in wound
2) Sealing Wound (epithelialization)
3) Shrinking Wound (contraction)

46
Q

What is something that may interfere with wound healing

A

Meds

Patho (10 decks)

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