Week 2-Innate Immunity

Question 1

Natural barriers, non specific, no memory. What kind of immunity?

Answer 1

Innate

Question 2

In innate immunity, what is the first line of defense?

Answer 2

Physical barriers, mechanical barriers, & biochemical barriers.

Question 3

Types of phys, mechanical barriers

Answer 3

Skin, linings of tracts, excretion/elimination (mucous, urinate, vomit),

Question 4

Example of biochemical barriers

Answer 4

Antibacterial peptides in mucous, sweat, saliva, tears, earwax

Question 5

Types of Antibacterial peptides

Answer 5

-Cathelicidins - Released by neutrophils & mast cells
-Detensins-In epithelium
-Collectins-Specific to lungs/surfactant

Question 6

In innate immunity, what is the second line of defense?

Answer 6

Inflammation

Question 7

Causes of inflammation

Answer 7

Infex, mech. damage, ischemia, malnutrition, temp. extremes, radiation

Question 8

Characteristics of inflammation r/t innate immnity

Answer 8

-Nonspecific
-Rapidly initiated
-No memory

Question 9

S/S inflammation

Answer 9

Erythema, heat, edema, pain, loss of function

Question 10

Vasc resspone during inflammation:

Answer 10

Dilation (allows blood to get through)
Increased vasc. permeability (allows wbc to get through and fight)
Diapedesis

Question 11

What is Diapedesis?

Answer 11

process of migration of leukocytes (wbc) from blood vessels to sites of tissue damage/infex/inflamm

Question 12

The complement system …

Answer 12

Destroys pathogens directly

Question 13

Functions of complement system:
Anaphylatoxic activity:

Answer 13

Mast cell degranulation: Release granules from inside mast cell (in this case, granule is histamine)

Question 14

What does histamine do?

Answer 14

dilation of blood vessels-> increases permeability

Question 15

Functions of complement system:
Chemotaxis:

Answer 15

Drawing WBC to an area

Question 16

Functions of complement system:
Opsorization:

Answer 16

Tagging antigen for destruction

Question 17

Functions of complement system:
Cell lysis:

Answer 17

Directly killing

Question 18

Clotting system:
Extrinsic

Answer 18

Activated by injury outside vasc space

Question 19

Clotting system:
Intrinsic

Answer 19

Activated by injury to vasc wall

Question 20

Function of Kinin system

Answer 20

Dilation & pain (smooth muscle contraction)

Question 21

cellular mediators of inflammation-“Front line soldiers”

Answer 21

Granulocytes

Question 22

3 types of granulocytes are

Answer 22

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

Question 23

Show up on bacterial infex

Answer 23

Neutrophils

Question 24

Show up on parasitic infex, allergies

Answer 24

Eosinophils

Question 25

Show up on autoimmune responses, allergies

Answer 25

Basophils

Question 26

Mast cells release what

Answer 26

Histamine (causes vasodilation)

Question 27

Cellular fragments are

Answer 27

Platelets

Question 28

Biochemical mediators come from

Answer 28

Destroyed/damaged cells (release chemicals that assist in repair or may cause necrosis)

Question 29

Name this: -Toll like receptors (TLR) -> recognize pathogen-associated molecular receptors (PAMPs). -Scavenger receptors - Promote phagocytosis

Answer 29

Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR)

Question 30

Cellular Products: What do chemokines do?

Answer 30

Attract WBC

Question 31

Cellular Products: What do cytokines do?

Answer 31

Elicit inflammatory response (can also regulate it)

Question 32

2 Types of cytokines:

Answer 32

Interleukins Interferons (in viruses; prevent further infex)

Question 33

Cellular Products: Mast Cells

Answer 33

Promote dilation, in connective tissues

Question 34

List the Phagocytes

Answer 34

-Neutrophils -Eosinophils -Basophils -Dendritic Cells -Monocytes (precursor to macrophages) -Macrophages

Question 35

What do Dendritic cells do?

Answer 35

-Present antigen for killing -Wok w/ T cells in lymph

Question 36

What are monocytes the precursor to?

Answer 36

Macrophages

Question 37

Macrophages...

Answer 37

-Larger, more active than monocytes -promote healing -initiate inflammation

Question 38

In phagocytosis, what is opsonization?

Answer 38

Tagging of antigen

Question 39

Serous is

Answer 39

watery

Question 40

fibrinous is

Answer 40

thick, clotted

Question 41

purulent is

Answer 41

pus

Question 42

hemorrhagic is

Answer 42

bloody

Question 43

What are bands?

Answer 43

Immature WBCs (neutrophils)

Question 44

Why are bands concerning?

Answer 44

Signifies all mature WBCs have been used, system is working hard to fight infex

Question 45

There stages of wound healing process are:

Answer 45

1) Filling in wound 2) Sealing Wound (epithelialization) 3) Shrinking Wound (contraction)

Question 46

What is something that may interfere with wound healing

Answer 46

Meds