Week 1-The Cell

Question 1

Lack of a distinct nucleus

Answer 1

Prokaryotic
ex: virus

Question 2

-Well defined nucleus
-membrane bound organelles
-complex cellular organization

Answer 2

Eukaryotic
ex: higher level anima-plants, fungi, human

Question 3

cells function through

Answer 3

metabolic absorption

Question 4

Plamsa membrane
lipid bilayer
cytoplasm
intracellular organelle

Answer 4

components of eukaryotic cell

Question 5

nuclear envelope contains pores to allow

Answer 5

substances to move in and out

Question 6

gives chromosomes their coiled structure

Answer 6

histone

Question 7

controls cellular devision, replication, control of genetic information

Answer 7

nucleus

Question 8

-fills space between nuclear envelope and plasma membrane
-gel itself if

Answer 8

-cytoplasm
-cytosol

Question 9

facilitate synthesis and transport of substances, isolate and eliminate waste

Answer 9

cytoplasm

Question 10

ribosomes are

Answer 10

suspended rna

Question 11

ER is ___ ribosomes are ____

Answer 11

factory, factory workers

Question 12

Important function of ER that is being discovered more and more

Answer 12

Response to cellular stress

Question 13

where we package what is created in ER
“Refining plant”
directs where diff proteins are going to go

Answer 13

Golgi complex

Question 14

Hold what will be digested or released

Answer 14

Lysosomes

Question 15

contains oxidative enzymes that result in formation of oxygen and hydrogen atoms->formation of peroxide

Answer 15

Peroxisomes

Question 16

-where Kreb cycle occurs (formation of ATP)
-energy production
-cellular respiration

Answer 16

mitochondria

Question 17

-contains the cell
-selective transport system
-bilipid layer

Answer 17

plasma membrane

Question 18

Bilipid membrane contains:

Answer 18

hydrophilic head
lipophilic core

Question 19

function of proteins along plasma membrane

Answer 19

receptor sites, transporters, enzymatic reactions, surface marker

Question 20

proteostasis

Answer 20

protein balance

Question 21

apoptosis

Answer 21

natural cell death

Question 22

apoptosis is mediated by

Answer 22

calcium

Question 23

Complement Cascade

Answer 23

regulates inflammatory response

Question 24

Ligand

Answer 24

Any type of small substance (ion-Na, glucose, etc)
Things bind to ligand to get in and out of cell
once bound to ligand, a cellular process can start or be inhibited

ex: insulin

Question 25

in extracellular matrix, holds cells together macro molecules-ex: collagen

Answer 25

cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)

Question 26

proteins that help hold different cells together

Answer 26

desmosomes

Question 27

example of tight junctions

Answer 27

blood-brain barrier

Question 28

One cell signals to cells surrounding (localized)

Answer 28

paracrine

Question 29

cell sends message within itself

Answer 29

autocrine ex: ER sees signs of cellular stress, dictates diff changes to Golgi so it packages things diff

Question 30

nerve activates gland-produces hormone-acts distally

Answer 30

neurohormohal signaling

Question 31

protein synthesized within specific type of cell (gland), secreted into blood stream, acts distally

Answer 31

hormonal ex: insulin

Question 32

cross synaptic cleft-acts on target cell to elicit response

Answer 32

neurotransmitter

Question 33

contact signaling

Answer 33

one cell right next to another, produces ligand, activates receptor cite on target cell

Question 34

remote signaling

Answer 34

carrier protein, small substance varied by that protein. When it gets to target cell, related by protein and acts on target cell

Question 35

gap junction

Answer 35

space created between two cells, substances move between gap in cell

Question 36

-messengers within the cell -tell the cell what it needs to do -can transfer energy, a message, can amplify what a cell does -can change.modulate the way call is functioning

Answer 36

signal transduction

Question 37

-opening and closing of gate

Answer 37

channel regulation

Question 38

anabolism

Answer 38

building up/creating, synthesizing energy

Question 39

catabolism

Answer 39

energy breakdown, using

Question 40

ATP is created by

Answer 40

the organic breakdown of molecules (glucose)

Question 41

every 1 molecule of glucose =

Answer 41

36 molecules of ATP

Question 42

Passive transport

Answer 42

-small electrically uncharged molecules move through pores -does not require entry water and other small molecules

Question 43

active transport

Answer 43

-requires atp -moving against gradient/uphill

Question 44

Mediated Transport

Answer 44

-Can be passive or active

Question 45

mediated transport: Symport

Answer 45

movement of two molecules simultaneously in one direction

Question 46

mediated transport: antiport

Answer 46

movement of two molecules simultaneously in opposite directions

Question 47

mediated transport: Uniport

Answer 47

movement of a single molecule in one direction

Question 48

Dissolved substances are called

Answer 48

solutes

Question 49

Potassium exists chiefly where

Answer 49

within cell and the intracellular environment

Question 50

Sodium exists primarily where

Answer 50

Extracellular environemnt

Question 51

Solutes move from an area of greater concentration to lesser concentration

Answer 51

Diffusion

Question 52

filtration (hydrostatic pressure)

Answer 52

greater pushing pressure (force) on one side of the membrane than the other