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Patho > Week 1-The Cell > Flashcards

Week 1-The Cell Flashcards

1
Q

Lack of a distinct nucleus

A

Prokaryotic
ex: virus

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2
Q

-Well defined nucleus
-membrane bound organelles
-complex cellular organization

A

Eukaryotic
ex: higher level anima-plants, fungi, human

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3
Q

cells function through

A

metabolic absorption

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4
Q

Plamsa membrane
lipid bilayer
cytoplasm
intracellular organelle

A

components of eukaryotic cell

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5
Q

nuclear envelope contains pores to allow

A

substances to move in and out

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6
Q

gives chromosomes their coiled structure

A

histone

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7
Q

controls cellular devision, replication, control of genetic information

A

nucleus

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8
Q

-fills space between nuclear envelope and plasma membrane
-gel itself if

A

-cytoplasm
-cytosol

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9
Q

facilitate synthesis and transport of substances, isolate and eliminate waste

A

cytoplasm

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10
Q

ribosomes are

A

suspended rna

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11
Q

ER is ___ ribosomes are ____

A

factory, factory workers

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12
Q

Important function of ER that is being discovered more and more

A

Response to cellular stress

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13
Q

where we package what is created in ER
“Refining plant”
directs where diff proteins are going to go

A

Golgi complex

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14
Q

Hold what will be digested or released

A

Lysosomes

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15
Q

contains oxidative enzymes that result in formation of oxygen and hydrogen atoms->formation of peroxide

A

Peroxisomes

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16
Q

-where Kreb cycle occurs (formation of ATP)
-energy production
-cellular respiration

A

mitochondria

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17
Q

-contains the cell
-selective transport system
-bilipid layer

A

plasma membrane

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18
Q

Bilipid membrane contains:

A

hydrophilic head
lipophilic core

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19
Q

function of proteins along plasma membrane

A

receptor sites, transporters, enzymatic reactions, surface marker

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20
Q

proteostasis

A

protein balance

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21
Q

apoptosis

A

natural cell death

22
Q

apoptosis is mediated by

A

calcium

23
Q

Complement Cascade

A

regulates inflammatory response

24
Q

Ligand

A

Any type of small substance (ion-Na, glucose, etc)
Things bind to ligand to get in and out of cell
once bound to ligand, a cellular process can start or be inhibited

ex: insulin

25
Q

in extracellular matrix, holds cells together
macro molecules-ex: collagen

A

cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)

26
Q

proteins that help hold different cells together

A

desmosomes

27
Q

example of tight junctions

A

blood-brain barrier

28
Q

One cell signals to cells surrounding (localized)

A

paracrine

29
Q

cell sends message within itself

A

autocrine
ex: ER sees signs of cellular stress, dictates diff changes to Golgi so it packages things diff

30
Q

nerve activates gland-produces hormone-acts distally

A

neurohormohal signaling

31
Q

protein synthesized within specific type of cell (gland), secreted into blood stream, acts distally

A

hormonal

ex: insulin

32
Q

cross synaptic cleft-acts on target cell to elicit response

A

neurotransmitter

33
Q

contact signaling

A

one cell right next to another, produces ligand, activates receptor cite on target cell

34
Q

remote signaling

A

carrier protein, small substance varied by that protein. When it gets to target cell, related by protein and acts on target cell

35
Q

gap junction

A

space created between two cells, substances move between gap in cell

36
Q

-messengers within the cell
-tell the cell what it needs to do
-can transfer energy, a message, can amplify what a cell does
-can change.modulate the way call is functioning

A

signal transduction

37
Q

-opening and closing of gate

A

channel regulation

38
Q

anabolism

A

building up/creating, synthesizing energy

39
Q

catabolism

A

energy breakdown, using

40
Q

ATP is created by

A

the organic breakdown of molecules (glucose)

41
Q

every 1 molecule of glucose =

A

36 molecules of ATP

42
Q

Passive transport

A

-small electrically uncharged molecules move through pores
-does not require entry
water and other small molecules

43
Q

active transport

A

-requires atp
-moving against gradient/uphill

44
Q

Mediated Transport

A

-Can be passive or active

45
Q

mediated transport:
Symport

A

movement of two molecules simultaneously in one direction

46
Q

mediated transport:
antiport

A

movement of two molecules simultaneously in opposite directions

47
Q

mediated transport:
Uniport

A

movement of a single molecule in one direction

48
Q

Dissolved substances are called

A

solutes

49
Q

Potassium exists chiefly where

A

within cell and the intracellular environment

50
Q

Sodium exists primarily where

A

Extracellular environemnt

51
Q

Solutes move from an area of greater concentration to lesser concentration

A

Diffusion

52
Q

filtration (hydrostatic pressure)

A

greater pushing pressure (force) on one side of the membrane than the other

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