Week 2: History and Assumptions Flashcards
1869: Francis _______ released a book in regards to fitness and related early tests
Galton
1890: James Catell used a ‘M_____ test”
Mental
Intelligence tests: 1905 the _____-Simon scale was used in developmental psych
Binet-Simon
1916: Terman developed S______-Binet test and develops the idea of Intelligence Q________
Stanford; Quotient
Who was associated with WW1 (1914) intelligence testing? (Army Alpha; Army Beta)
Yerkes
Nominal Scales of Psych Measurement:
- q__________
- Categories as mutually exclusive va________
- No mathematical attributes
qualitative; variables;
Ordinal scales of psych measurement:
- Ranking as low level measurement of m________ (direction but not size)
magnitude
Interval scale of psych measurement:
- Equal change between units provides magnitude of d_______
- No absolute 0
- Cannot use ratios
difference
Psychological tests:
- An objective and st_________ measure of a sample of behaviour
standardised
Basic assumptions of Psych Testing:
1 Each test has some similar m_______ for different people
2 People are able to perceive & describe their self-c______ and per________ accurately
3 People will report their thoughts and feelings h_______
meaning; self-concepts; personalities; honestly
Basic Assumptions:
1: An individual’s test (and actual) b_________ is rather consistent over time (reliability)
2: The test measures what it is supposed to measure (v______)
3: Observed score on a test = True score + the e_____
behaviour ; validity ; error
Test Types:
Most psychological tests can be sorted into 3 general categories:
- Tests in which the subject performs a t____.
- Tests that involve observations of the subject’s behaviour within a particular c______.
- S___- r______ measures
task; context; Self-report
What are the three types of ability tests?
1 A_________
2 A_________
3 I__________
achievement; aptitude; Intelligence
Psychological Assessment has four parts:
1: the p_______
2: I________ gathering
3: understanding the i_________
4: c______ with the problem
problem; information; information; coping
Screening tests fall into s____-r_______ measures
Self-report measures
Any assessment of the person is incomplete without an assessment of the e__________
Environment
C________, p________, interest, and value factors are essential determinants of behaviour
Cognitive; Personality
An individual’s perception of s__________ will to some extent determine behaviour
Situations
Individual behaviour across different situations provides a consistent, idiographically predictable p_______.
pattern
People perceive s_________ differently, and these differences may be measured and described.
situations
Which are the 2 most commonly used types of psychological tests?
Ability (Achievement, aptitude, and intelligence) and personality tests
What are the three types of ability tests?
Achievement, aptitude, and intelligence
Which scientist first extensively measured individual differences in late 19
Century? Which
discipline did he specialise in?
Francis Galton; individual differences (in sensory and motor functioning) ALSO FITNESS
Which experimental psychologist set up the first laboratory for making systematic observations?
William Wundt
Which American psychologist first coined the term “mental test”? J_____ C_______
James Cattell
What are the three overlapping concepts described by the term “human ability”?
Achievement, aptitude, and intelligence
What are the three overlapping concepts described by the term “human ability”?
Achievement, aptitude, and intelligence
Who constructed the first widely used psychological test? What for, and when?
Binet-Simon Scale for mental development and retardation, 1905
Who devised the first widely used group intelligence test? What for?
Robert Yerkes, The army alpha and beta test
Who developed the first personality questionnaire? What was that called? The W_______ P______ Data Sheet
The Woolworth Personal Data Sheet,
Which is the most referenced test in the psychological literature?
The MMPI and MMPI 2
Describe at least 4 core skills required for conducting of psychological assessment:
- C_______
- Pu________
- Man________
- In__________
- Com__________
Conduct; Purpose; Management; Interpretation; Communication
Why is management a core skill of personality assessment?
The storage and sharing of file management is crucial
Why is conduct a core skill?
It involves duty of care in regards to consent and confidentiality, competence and continuing education
What skill does accuracy and interpretation of skill come under?
Interpretation
Written reports, Oral feedback, and sound recommendations all come under the core skill of ___________
communication
Suggest 3 methods that you would go about locating information about a published personality test?
- Psychological da_______
- Distributors test cat_________
- Mental Measure Yea________
databases; catalogues; yearbooks
