Week 2: History and Assumptions Flashcards
1869: Francis _______ released a book in regards to fitness and related early tests
Galton
1890: James Catell used a ‘M_____ test”
Mental
Intelligence tests: 1905 the _____-Simon scale was used in developmental psych
Binet-Simon
1916: Terman developed S______-Binet test and develops the idea of Intelligence Q________
Stanford; Quotient
Who was associated with WW1 (1914) intelligence testing? (Army Alpha; Army Beta)
Yerkes
Nominal Scales of Psych Measurement:
- q__________
- Categories as mutually exclusive va________
- No mathematical attributes
qualitative; variables;
Ordinal scales of psych measurement:
- Ranking as low level measurement of m________ (direction but not size)
magnitude
Interval scale of psych measurement:
- Equal change between units provides magnitude of d_______
- No absolute 0
- Cannot use ratios
difference
Psychological tests:
- An objective and st_________ measure of a sample of behaviour
standardised
Basic assumptions of Psych Testing:
1 Each test has some similar m_______ for different people
2 People are able to perceive & describe their self-c______ and per________ accurately
3 People will report their thoughts and feelings h_______
meaning; self-concepts; personalities; honestly
Basic Assumptions:
1: An individual’s test (and actual) b_________ is rather consistent over time (reliability)
2: The test measures what it is supposed to measure (v______)
3: Observed score on a test = True score + the e_____
behaviour ; validity ; error
Test Types:
Most psychological tests can be sorted into 3 general categories:
- Tests in which the subject performs a t____.
- Tests that involve observations of the subject’s behaviour within a particular c______.
- S___- r______ measures
task; context; Self-report
What are the three types of ability tests?
1 A_________
2 A_________
3 I__________
achievement; aptitude; Intelligence
Psychological Assessment has four parts:
1: the p_______
2: I________ gathering
3: understanding the i_________
4: c______ with the problem
problem; information; information; coping
Screening tests fall into s____-r_______ measures
Self-report measures
Any assessment of the person is incomplete without an assessment of the e__________
Environment
C________, p________, interest, and value factors are essential determinants of behaviour
Cognitive; Personality
An individual’s perception of s__________ will to some extent determine behaviour
Situations
Individual behaviour across different situations provides a consistent, idiographically predictable p_______.
pattern
People perceive s_________ differently, and these differences may be measured and described.
situations
Which are the 2 most commonly used types of psychological tests?
Ability (Achievement, aptitude, and intelligence) and personality tests
What are the three types of ability tests?
Achievement, aptitude, and intelligence
Which scientist first extensively measured individual differences in late 19
Century? Which
discipline did he specialise in?
Francis Galton; individual differences (in sensory and motor functioning) ALSO FITNESS
Which experimental psychologist set up the first laboratory for making systematic observations?
William Wundt
