Textbook chapters 4, Flashcards
Tests that are relatively free of measurement error are deemed to be _________
reliable
Charles S________ actually work out most of the basics of contemporary reliability theory
Spearman
C______ te_____ score theory assumes that each person has a true score that would be obtained if there were no errors in measurement
Classical Test Score Theory
The difference between the true score and the observed score results from Me_______ Er_____
Measurement Error
A major assumption in classical tests theory is that errors of measurement are r______
random
Basic sampling theory tells us that the distribution of random errors is B___-S_____
Bell-Shaped
Classical Test theory assumes that the true score for an individual will not change with related applications for the same test (hence ________)
reliability
The S_______ D________ of the distribution of errors for each person tells us about the magnitude of measurement error
Standard Deviation
R______ can be estimated from the correlation of the observed test score and the true score
Reliability
When we estimate reliability, the correlation with always be (positive or negative?)
Postive
Most reliability coefficients are cor_______
Correlations
The reliability ___________ is the ratio of the variance of the true scores on a test to the variance of the observed scores
coefficients
Three ways test reliability is estimated:
1 Test-_____ method
2 Par_____ forms
3 Internal c_______
retest; parallel; Internal consistency
T____- R_____ reliability estimates are used to evaluate the error associated with administering a test at two different times
Test-Retest
For the test-retest method, the measured item is believed to stay _______ over time
constant
The ________ effect: occurs when the first testing session influences scores from the second session
carryover
P_______ F______ reliability compares two equivalent forms of a test that measure the attribute
Parallel forms reliability
In S____-Ha____ reliability, a test is given and divided into halves that are scored separately
Split-half reliability
When using the split half reliability method, to correct the estimate you should use the Spear___-Br____ method
Spearman-Brown
What is the formula for calculating the reliability of a test in which the items are dichotomous?
KR20
The K____ statistic is the best method for assessing the level of agreement among several observers
Kappa
The I________ C_________ of a test refers to the intercorrelations among items within the same test
Internal Consistency
Reliability estimates around ._ - ._ are good enough for most purposes in basic research
.7 - .8
Perhaps the most useful index of reliability for the interpretation of individual scores is the S_______ E____ of measurement
standard error
KR20 and coefficient alpha are both measures of
the extent to which items on a test are intercorrelated
I________ C___________ refers to the intercorrelations among items within the same test
Internal Consistency
