Week 2 Highlighted Parts Flashcards
Destruction of all forms of life including bacterial spore
Sterilization
Destruction of some forms of life except bacterial spores
Disinfection
Applied to skin; cannot be used as disinfectants
Antiseptic
Applied to inanimate objects
Disinfectant
Type of Organisms corresponds to?
Biochemical composition and mechanisms to protect themselves
Microbial load corresponds to?
Total number of organism
Fill in the blank; The _____ numbers of organism, the _____ the exposure time
higher; longer
True or False? Organic material such as blood, mucus, and pus affects killing activity by inactivating the disinfecting agent
TRUE
Organic materials affects killing activity by inactivating the disinfecting agent
Blood, mucus, and pus
Most common methods of heat disinfection and sterilization
Autoclave
Fill in the blank; steam under ___ atm of pressure, or ___ psi, ___ C for ___ minutes
1 atm, 15 psi, 121 degree celcius, 15 minutes
Sterilization method for heat-stable substances that are not penetrated by moist heat
Dry Heat
Sterilization method of choice for heat-stable object?
Heat
Sterilization method of choice for glass wares
Dry Heat
Fill in the blank; For pasteurization to occur, the heat should be at ___
63 degree celsius or 72 degree celsius
Boiling occurs at what temp.?
100 degree celsius
Requires thin membrane filters composed of plastic polymers or cellulose esters containing pores
Liquid filtration
Pore sizes needed for liquid filtration of bacteria, yeasts, and molds
0.45 and 0.8 micrometer
Pore size for critical sterilizing
0.22 micrometer
Pore size for small viruses
0.01 micrometer
Sterilization method for heat-sensitive solutions
Liquid filtration
Method of filtration that requires HEPA filters
Air filtration
What does “HEPA” stands for in HEPA filters
“high-efficiency particulate air” filter
True or False? Air filtration removes microorganisms larger than 0.3 micrometer
TRUE
Type of filtration used in laboratory hoods and in air systems
Air filtration
Fill in the blank; Disinfection/Sterilization using Radiation (Ionizing) uses ___
Gamma rays or electron beam
Fill in the blank; Disinfection/Sterilization using Radiation (Non-ionizing) uses ___
UV rays
True or False? Gamma rays or electric beam has shorter wavelegth hence higher energy
TRUE
True or False? UV rays has longer wavelegth hence lower energy
TRUE
Sterilization method for disposable supplies
Ionizing radiation
Disinfection method for surfaces
Non-ionizing radiation
Chemical agents that may be used to sterilize
Chemosterilizers
Fill in the blank; ___ percent ethyl or isopropyl alcohol may be used to disinfect or sterilized
60-90
Component used in formaldehyde for disinfection and sterilization
Formalin
Disinfection method for biosafety cabinets
Formaldehyde
Disinfectant or Sterilant? 2% solution of glutaraldehyde for 10mins
Disinfectant
Disinfectant or Sterilant? 2% solution of glutaraldehyde for 3-10hrs
Sterilant
Sterilization method for heat labile medical equipment and materials that cant be sterilized with gas
Glutaraldehyde
True or False? Aldehydes are active at alkaline
TRUE
Iodine (5-10%) + neutral polymer =
Can be used as antiseptic (Iodophor)
Most common iodophor
Polyvidone or povidone
Contact time for Halogens (Iodophors)
> 30 seconds
Two forms of hypochlorite (chlorine and chlorine compounds)
liquid sodium hypochlorite and solid calcium hypochlorit
0.5% to 1% sodium hypochlorite =
Can be used as disinfectant
Contact time for Chlorine and Chlorine Compounds (Hypochlorite)
Atleast 3 mins
Disinfection method for water
Chlorine and Chlorine Compounds (Hypochlorite)
Disinfection method for noncritical surfaces (benchtops and floors)
Detergents (Quaternary Ammonium Compound)
Disinfection method for surfaces in hospitals and household environments
Phenolics
Disinfection method for hands of surgical personnel and body of patients undergoing surgery
Chlorhexidine Gluconate (0.5% to 4%)
Disinfection method for health care personnel handwash and also acts as surgical hand scrub
Chloroxylenol (O.5% to 4%)
Chemical used for disinfection and sterilization that is commonly found in consumer and proffesional health care products
Triclosan
Rarely used in clinical application and is slowly bactericcidal
Heavy metals
Fill in the blanks; ___ of ethylene oxide per liter of chamber space at ___ for ___
450-700 mg; 55-60° C; 2 hours
Sterilization method for materials that cannot withstand steam sterilization
Ethylene Oxide
Type of containment barrier that protects the worker from the aerosolized transmission of organisms
Biological Safety Cabinets (BCS)
True or false? Any procedure that has the ability to create aerosols should be performed in a BSC
TRUE
What level of biosafety does it corresponds to? Minimal threat to laboratory personnel and environment
Biosafety level 1
What level of biosafety does it corresponds to? Bacillus subtilis
Biosafety level 1
What level of biosafety does it corresponds to? Agents that pose a moderate potential hazard for the employees and environment
Biosafety level 2
What level of biosafety does it coresponds to? HBV, HIV, Salmonella spp., and Toxoplasma spp.
Biosafety level 2
What level of biosafety does it coresponds to? Potential for aerosol transmission
Biosafety level 3
What level of biosafety does it corresponds to? Diseases with these agents may have serious lethal
Biosafety level 3
What level of biosafety does it corresponds to? M. tuberculosis, St. Louis encephalitis virus
Biosafety level 3
What level of biosafety does it corresponds to? High risk of causing life-threatening infections, can be transmitted by aerosols, or have an unknown risk of transmission
Biosafety level 4
What level of biosafety does it corresponds to? Marburg and Congo-Crimean; Hemorrhagic fever
Biosafety level 4
Fill in the blank? Phenol Coefficient Test is also known as ___
Disinfectant test
Fill in the blank? Phenol Coefficient Test utilizes ___ or ___ for the test
Staphylococcus aureus; Salmonella typhi
Fill in the blank? Based on the dilution of phenol and experimental disinfectant are inoculated with the bacteria and incubated at ___.
20-37 deg C for 2-3 days
True or false? Considering the Bartlett’s Grading System, Scores of 0 or less indicate lack of iinflammation or presence of saliva
TRUE