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BACT Lec > Week 1 Terminology > Flashcards

Week 1 Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

It is the study of the biology of microscopic organisms - viruses, bacteria, algae, fungi, molds,and protozoa, microorganisms that cannot be seen with the naked eye.

A

Microbiology

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2
Q

Was a Dutch microbiologist and microscopist in the Golden Age of Dutch science and technology. Known as “the Father of Microbiology”, and one of the first microscopists and microbiologists.

A

Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek

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3
Q

Was a French chemist and microbiologist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation, and pasteurization, the last of which was named after him.

A

Louis Pasteur

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4
Q

Was an English polymath active as a scientist. Credited as one of the first two scientists to discover microorganisms using a compound microscope that he built himself.

A

Robert Hooke

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5
Q

Was a Scottish physician and microbiologist, best known for discovering the world’s first broadly effective antibiotic substance, which he named penicillin

A

Alexander Fleming

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6
Q

Renowned German physician and microbiologist, credited with identifying the precise causes of lethal infectious diseases like tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax. A key pioneer in modern bacteriology.

A

Heinrich Hermann Robert Koch

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7
Q

Was a British bacteriologist whose focus was the epidemiology and pathology of bacterial pneumonia.

A

Frederick Griffith

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8
Q

Was a Swiss-French physician and bacteriologist. He is remembered as the codiscoverer of the bacillus responsible for the bubonic plague or pest, which was later named in his honor: Yersinia pestis

A

Alexandre Emile Jean Yersin

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9
Q

Bacillus responsible for the bubonic plague or pest

A

Yersinia pestis

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10
Q

Was an English physician and scientist who pioneered the concept of vaccines and created the smallpox vaccine, the world’s first vaccine.

A

Edward Jenner

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11
Q

The term devised by Jenner to denote cowpox.

A

Variolae vaccinae

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12
Q

Two main branches of microbiology are

A

Pure Microbiology and Applied Microbiology

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13
Q

Sub-classes of pure microbiology are based on the __________ being studied and their function.

A

types of microorganisms

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14
Q

Sub-classes of applied microbiology are based on the __________ of various microorganisms

A

interactions and applications

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15
Q

Focuses on the study of bacteria, including their structure, function, biochemistry, classification, genetics, and interactions with other organisms.

A

Bacteriology

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16
Q

Involves the study of viruses, including their structure, replication mechanisms, and their impact on host organisms and diseases.

A

Virology

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17
Q

Is the study of fungi, including yeasts, molds, and mushrooms. Mycologists study the biochemical properties, genetics, toxicity, ecology, and medical relevance of fungi.

A

Mycology

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18
Q

It deals with the study of parasites, which are organisms that live in or on a host organism and often cause diseases.

A

Parasitology

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19
Q

Phycology is also known as ________

A

Algology

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20
Q

Revolves around the scientific study of algae.

A

Phycology (Algology)

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21
Q

It focuses on the immune system in all organisms; Wide range of disorders such as hypersensitivities, immune deficiency and autoimmune diseases.

A

Immunology

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22
Q

Study of protozoa or single-celled protists that feed by heterotrophy and are not animals, plants, or fungi.

A

Protozoology

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23
Q

It is the study of nematodes or roundworms such as hookworms, ascarids, pinworks, and filaria, which are found as parasites in humans.

A

Nematology

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24
Q

Studies the inter actions between microbes and their environment, including their roles in nutrient cycling and ecosystem processes.

A

Environmental Microbiology

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25
Q

It is a large and diverse branch of microbiology that’s concerned with the study of microorganisms that cause human diseases.

A

Medical Microbiology

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26
Q

Microorganisms can be used in various industrial processes, such as the drug production, industrial fermentation, food preservation, biopolymers, and wastewater treatment

A

Industrial Microbiology

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27
Q

It focuses on the safety and quality control of healthcare and pharmaceutical products, ensuring they are free from harmful microorganisms.

A

Pharmaceutical Microbiology

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28
Q

It focuses on microorganisms in food, with special attention to food safety, preservation, fermentation, and spoilage.

A

Food & Dairy Microbiology

29
Q

This branch explores the role of microorganisms in agriculture, including soil nutrients, soil fertility, plant-microbe interactions, and microbial degradation of soil.

A

Agricultural Microbiology

30
Q

Studies microorganisms in aquatic environments, including oceans, lakes, rivers, and other water bodies, and their impact on aquatic ecosystems.

A

Aquatic Microbiology

31
Q

Aeromicrobiology involves the study of airborne microbes and how they affect other organisms.

A

Aeromicrobiology

32
Q

Investigates the genetic makeup of microorganisms, their gene expression, mutations, and how genes are transferred among microbes

A

Microbial Genetics

33
Q

Early stage of a disease preceding the adaptive phase of the immune response

A

Acute phase

34
Q

Organism that does not require oxygen for life and reproduction.

A

Anaerobe

35
Q

Protein or immunoglobulin molecule characterized by specific amino acid sequence produced by the host as a result of a specific antigenic stimulation.

A

Antibody

36
Q

Substance that produces sensitivity and initiates an immune response

A

Antigen

37
Q

Destruction of microorganisms to prevent infection

A

Antisepsis

38
Q

Presence of viable bacteria in the blood, as evidenced by their recovery in blood cultures

A

Bacteremia

39
Q

Antimicrobial that kills a microorganism

A

Bactericidal

40
Q

Proteins produced by some bacteria that inhibit the growth of other strains of the same organism or related specie.

A

Bacteriocin

41
Q

Microorganism that grows best in the presence of carbon dioxide

A

Capnophile

42
Q

Removal of microbes that may cause disease from an environment

A

Disinfection

43
Q

Substance designed to be used on inanimate objects to kill or destroy diseaseproducing microorganisms

A

Disinfectant

44
Q

Microorganism causing a disease.

A

Etiologic agent

45
Q

Hard to grow; requires additional growth factors.

A

Fastidious

46
Q

Genetic makeup of an organism.

A

Genotype

47
Q

Bacteria that retain the crystal violet–iodine complex and appear blue-black on Gram-stained smears.

A

Gram-Positive Bacteria

48
Q

Bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet complex; stained red by the safranin counterstain.

A

Gram-Negative Bacteria

49
Q

“Salt-loving”; an organism that grows best in media with an increased concentration of NaCl

A

Halophilic

50
Q

Ability of an immune system to mobilize and deploy its antibodies and other responses to stimulation by an antigen.

A

Immunocompetent

51
Q

Describe an individual with deficient function of the immune system

A

Immunocompromised

52
Q

Describe the state of an immune system that is suppressed

A

Immunosuppression

53
Q

Permits the infection to evolve without any obvious external symptoms.

A

Latent phase

54
Q

Organism that grows best in moderate temperature, neither hot nor cold

A

Mesophile

55
Q

Microorganism that grows in conditions of reduced oxygen and increased carbon dioxide.

A

Microaerophile

56
Q

Microorganisms that require environments containing concentrations of oxygen lower than that present in the atmosphere

A

Microaerophilic

57
Q

Total number of organisms present

A

Microbial load

58
Q

Microorganism that requires oxygen for growth.

A

Obligate aerobe

59
Q

Microorganism that can live and reproduce only in a strict anaerobic environment (0% oxygen).

A

Obligate anaerobe

60
Q

Infection acquired within 72 hours of a stay in a health care facility.

A

Nosocomial infection -

61
Q

Disease caused by a microorganism with low virulence that becomes pathogenic in a host with low immunologic resistance.

A

Opportunistic infection

62
Q

Ability of a microorganism to cause disease.

A

Pathogenicity

63
Q

Observable or measurable characteristics of an organism.

A

Phenotype

64
Q

Systemic response to bacterial infection

A

Sepsis

65
Q

Not inhibited by the usual systemic concentrations of the antimicrobial agent with normal dosage schedules

A

Resistant strain

66
Q

Implies that an infection caused by the bacterial strain tested may be appropriately treated with the dosage of antimicrobial agent recommended for that type of infection and infecting species.

A

Susceptible

67
Q

Implying that the agent might be effective for infections located at body sites where the drugs are physiologically concentrated, or when a high dosage of drug can be used.

A

Intermediate

68
Q

Disease that humans acquire from exposure to infected animals or products made from infected animals

A

Zoonosis

69
Q

Pertains to diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans.

A

Zoonotic

BACT Lec (4 decks)

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