WEEK 2: Health promotion, Health assessment and general survey, Pain assessment and SOAP notes Flashcards
what is health promotion?
the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health.
what are the levels of disease prevention?
- Primary prevention: people and populations are prevented from becoming ill, sick or injured. e.g. sanitization and immunization.
- Secondary prevention: early detection of disease before symptoms emerge. e.g. pap test, mammogram, lipid profile.
- Tertiary prevention: prevention of complications when disease is present. e.g. teaching to avoid complications of diabetes.
what is health disparity?
Disparities in health occur when the combination & interaction
of the SDOH result in differences in health status between segments of the population and result in health inequalities.
what is health inequity?
When health inequalities result from the marginalization of
groups and are determined to be unjust and unfair, health
inequities exist.
what is an upstream approach?
taking action to avoid a problem before it occurs
mention the health promotion interventions
Screening: Malignancies, risk for falls, depression, vision, hearing, substance misuse.
Immunization: Widespread use of vaccines keeps more people protected from serious contagious illnesses.
Assessing developmental tasks: Routine screening of infants & children to ensure they’re meeting developmental milestones.
what are the skills of physical examination?
Inspection, Palpation, Percussion and Auscultation (IPPA)
What is inspection?
careful scrutiny of the patient as a whole then individual body systems. it is concentrated watching and it is always done first.
In palpation, you apply your sense of touch to assess?
*Texture
*Temperature
* Moisture
*Organ location/size
*Swelling
*Vibration or pulsation
* Rigidity or spasticity
* Crepitation
*Presence of lumps or masses
*Presence of tenderness or pain
In palpation techniques, what different parts of the hand are best suited for assessing what different factors?
Fingertips: fine tactile discrimination of skin texture, swelling, pulsation, and determining presence of lumps.
Fingers and thumbs: detecting the position, shape and consistency of an organ or mass.
Dorsum: determining temperature.
Base of fingers: detecting vibration.
difference between light and deep palpation?
Light palpation is 1cm deep and assesses surface characteristics while deep palpation is 4cm deep and assesses deeper structures/organs.
what is bi-manual palpation?
using both hands to envelop or detect certain body parts or organs such as the kidneys or during breast assessment.
do you palpate tender areas first or last?
Last
what is percussion?
tapping skin with short, sharp strokes to assess underlying structures and yields palpable vibration and characteristic sounds that determine the location, size and density of underlying organ.
what are the types of percussion?
direct (striking hand contacts body wall directly) and indirect (stationary hand + striking hand) percussion
list the characteristics of percussion notes
Resonant, hyperresonant, tympany, dull and flat
list what the variation of percussion is noted in?
amplitude, pitch, quality and duration
what is auscultation?
listening to internal sounds using a stethoscope.
what are the two parts of the stethoscope?
Diaphragm (for high-pitched sounds) and Bell (for low-pitched sounds)
what are the 4 aspects of general survey?
Physical appearance, body structure, mobility and behaviour
what are the 4 vital signs?
temperature, pulse, respirations and blood pressure.
what is the fifth vital sign?
Pain
what is nociceptive pain?
pain caused by tissue injury and is well localized. it is described as aching or throbbing.
