Week 2: Fundamental Frequency Measures

Question 1

Phonation

Answer 1

Vibration of the vocal folds

Question 2

Vocal folds during breathing

Answer 2

Vocal folds are abducted (opened)

Question 3

Vocal folds during speaking/breathing

Answer 3

Vocal folds are adducted (closed)

Question 4

How does phonation work?

Answer 4

Sound is generated in the larynx by chopping a steady flow of air into little puffs of sound waves

Question 5

Myoelastic-aerodynamic theory of phonation

Answer 5

Mechanism of vocal fold vibration

Question 6

Bernoulli principle

Answer 6

Aerodynamic principle (air pressure) states that air flowing through a constriction increases in velocity and decreases in pressure

Question 7

Sound produced by human vocal fold vibration

Answer 7

Complex and nearly periodic

Question 8

Vocal fold vibration depends on the…

Answer 8

Mass, tension, thickness/density of the folds

Question 9

Perceptually based measures of pitch

Answer 9

Mel scale and bark scale

Question 10

Narrow-band spectrogram

Answer 10

Emphasizes fundamental frequency and harmonics of the voice

Question 11

Maximum phonational frequency range (MPFR)

Answer 11

Pitch range

Different between speaker’s lowest and highest possible pitches

Question 12

Speaking fundamental frequency (SFF)

Answer 12

Habitual range

Average F0 across a conversational or reading sample

Question 13

Frequency variability

Answer 13

Standard deviation of F0 over the span of a conneted speech sample

Question 14

How do we measure SFF?

Answer 14

Elicitation task matters and Sample duration matters