Week 2 (Exam 1) Flashcards
Define standard precautions
the minimum infection prevention practices that apply to all patient care
- regardless of suspected or confirmed infection status of the patient (sick or healthy)
What are some examples of standard precautions?
hand hygiene
ppe
other examples (not in red):
respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette
sharps safety
safe injection practices
sterile instruments and devices
clean and disinfected environmental surfaces
Define universal precautions
standard set of guidelines to prevent the transmission of blood borne pathogens from exposure to blood and other potentially infectious materials
precautions taken with ALL patients
examples:
contact precautions
droplet precautions
airborne precautious
What is PPE and what does it inlcude?
Personal Protective Equipment
- minimize exposure to hazards
gloves, gowns, shoe and head covers, masks, and respirators
other face and eye equipment
When should we (providers) wash our hands?
before and after any direct patient contact
after touching blood, bodily fluids, secretions, excretions, non-intact skin, and contaminated items (even with gloves)
other reasons (not in red):
immediately after gloves are removed
before handling invasive device
moving from contaminated to clean body site
What is the appropriate procedure for handwashing?
- wet your hands
- warm or cold water - lather hands with soap
- scrub hands for at least 20 seconds
- rinse
- dry
- clean towel
- air dry
What percentage of alcohol do we use if soap isn’t available?
60% alcohol
How long should it take to apply hand sanitizer to our hands and fingers?
20 seconds
What are the indications for injections?
- to diagnose (allergy skin testing)
- to treat (delivery of meds)
- to prevent (immunizations)
What are the types of injections?
- intradermal: an injection into the dermal layer of the skin
- subcutaneous: injections into the subcutaneous layer of skin
- intramuscular: injection deep into a muscle
- intravenous: injection into the venous/arterial systems
What do we do to prepare for injections?
verify correct patient
verify correct medication
verify correct dosage
verify route
verify correct site of injection
document!!!
What are the angles of administration for injections?
Intramuscular: 90
Subcutaneous: 45
intravenous: 25
intradermal: 10-15
What are the indications for intradermal?
TB PPD testing
intradermal anesthesia
cosmetic procedures
allergy testing
vaccine
sentinel node biopsies
What do ALL injections have a risk of?
bruising
infection
site reaction
Where do we inject for intradermal injections?
volar mid forearm*
(not in red, but helpful)
- small needle
- very small amount (1cc)
What are the indications for subcutaneous?
medication administration
- insulin
- blood thinners
Where do we inject for subcutaneous injections?
(some complications as well - not in red)
abdomen, arms (side or back), and thigh (front)
lipodystrophy (calcification)
- rotate injection sites to prevent
What are the indications for intramuscular?
vaccines
higher volume injections
- ex: toradol, progesterone
Where do we inject for intramuscular injections?
buttocks
- upper outer quadrant
and arm
*deep into the MUSCLE
What do we want to make sure our patient is before inserting needle for IM injections?
relaxed
- tense will increase pain and prevent medication from distributing to muscle
