Week 2: Dual Process Models

Question 1

What are the dual processes from full automaticity to full control

Answer 1

1. Subliminal priming
2. Conscious/ supraliminal priming
3. Chronic accessibility
4. Goal- dependent automaticity (MIDPT)
5. Intent
6. Consciousness

Question 2

Similarities & diff between subliminal & supraliminal priming

Answer 2

Similarities:

1. participant unaware of the effect of the prime on responses
2. Prime will objectively be registered in our senses

Differences:
1. For subliminal, no conscious perception of prime while for superliminal, there’s conscious perception of prime

Question 3

How to develop chronic accessibility

Answer 3

Proceduralization: repeated use of certain knowledge will results in automaticity
Eg: keep playing guitar until chords automatic

Question 4

Downside of goal- dependent automaticity

Answer 4

Going into autopilot may result in errors

Eg: barista sees that it’s special order, but still makes the standard drink

Question 5

Diff between goal dependent automaticity & intent?

Answer 5

Both have conscious intent, but when it comes to execution,
Goal- dependent: automatic
Intent: intentional

Question 6

Pros and cons of measuring conscious thoughts

Answer 6

Pros:

1. Reporting is done simultaneously with thoughts
2. especially useful if want to report on content rather than process (I like eggs rather than why I like eggs)

Cons:

1. P may lack motivation to think
2. P may not know what actually affected this specific behaviour

Question 7

How to access conscious thought

Answer 7

1. Experience sampling: beeper cues report of thought throughout day
2. Random probes: asked to report current mind wandering during lab
3. Cognitive response: report thoughts immediately after communication
4. Thinking aloud protocol: verbalize own reaction after task
5. Role play participation: imagine self in overheard interactions and report reactions
6. Naturalistic social cognition: report thoughts during interaction when view video

Question 8

System 1 vs system 2 in dual process models

Answer 8

System 1 vs 2:

1. Rapid vs slow
2. Effortless vs effortful
3. Reflexive (more influential immediately) vs reflective (more influential over time)
4. Slow learning (need repeated exposure) vs fast learning
5. Rigid (as associative learning) vs flexible

Question 9

Results from Pryol et al study

Answer 9

• system 1 is rapid, reflexive, effortless
• instinctive reactions (disgust) & associations predicts system 1 more
• more influential in immediate responses
• with stigma: avoidance Beh; wo stigma: approach Beh
• if stigma controllable, will avoid more than neutral/ uncontrollable

Question 10

Person perception shows system 1 & 2 too. What are the 3 sequential processes

Answer 10

1. Categorisation
2. Characterization (system 1): dispositional inferences
3. Correction (system 2): situational inferences

Question 11

How to show that correction is system 2

Answer 11

Cognitive busyness manipulation:
For 2 task condition (cognitively more busy as need to recall the discussion topics), diff between judgement of relaxing and anxious is only 0.40 (vs 2.52 in 1 task),

because when see anxious Beh, auto think person is anxious because don’t care about situational info so don’t make the correction.

Question 12

What are the factors determining if system 1 or 2 predict Beh more?

Answer 12

1. Motivation
2. Processing resources
3. Time