What are the dual processes from full automaticity to full control
- Subliminal priming
- Conscious/ supraliminal priming
- Chronic accessibility
- Goal- dependent automaticity (MIDPT)
- Intent
- Consciousness
Similarities & diff between subliminal & supraliminal priming
Similarities:
- participant unaware of the effect of the prime on responses
- Prime will objectively be registered in our senses
Differences:
1. For subliminal, no conscious perception of prime while for superliminal, there’s conscious perception of prime
How to develop chronic accessibility
Proceduralization: repeated use of certain knowledge will results in automaticity
Eg: keep playing guitar until chords automatic
Downside of goal- dependent automaticity
Going into autopilot may result in errors
Eg: barista sees that it’s special order, but still makes the standard drink
Diff between goal dependent automaticity & intent?
Both have conscious intent, but when it comes to execution,
Goal- dependent: automatic
Intent: intentional
Pros and cons of measuring conscious thoughts
Pros:
- Reporting is done simultaneously with thoughts
- especially useful if want to report on content rather than process (I like eggs rather than why I like eggs)
Cons:
- P may lack motivation to think
- P may not know what actually affected this specific behaviour
How to access conscious thought
- Experience sampling: beeper cues report of thought throughout day
- Random probes: asked to report current mind wandering during lab
- Cognitive response: report thoughts immediately after communication
- Thinking aloud protocol: verbalize own reaction after task
- Role play participation: imagine self in overheard interactions and report reactions
- Naturalistic social cognition: report thoughts during interaction when view video
System 1 vs system 2 in dual process models
System 1 vs 2:
- Rapid vs slow
- Effortless vs effortful
- Reflexive (more influential immediately) vs reflective (more influential over time)
- Slow learning (need repeated exposure) vs fast learning
- Rigid (as associative learning) vs flexible
Results from Pryol et al study
- system 1 is rapid, reflexive, effortless
- instinctive reactions (disgust) & associations predicts system 1 more
- more influential in immediate responses
- with stigma: avoidance Beh; wo stigma: approach Beh
- if stigma controllable, will avoid more than neutral/ uncontrollable
Person perception shows system 1 & 2 too. What are the 3 sequential processes
- Categorisation
- Characterization (system 1): dispositional inferences
- Correction (system 2): situational inferences
How to show that correction is system 2
Cognitive busyness manipulation:
For 2 task condition (cognitively more busy as need to recall the discussion topics), diff between judgement of relaxing and anxious is only 0.40 (vs 2.52 in 1 task),
because when see anxious Beh, auto think person is anxious because don’t care about situational info so don’t make the correction.
What are the factors determining if system 1 or 2 predict Beh more?
- Motivation
- Processing resources
- Time
