Week 2 Cell Physiology

Question 1

What are the structural levels of organisation?

Answer 1

Chemical, cellular, tissue, organs, systems, & organisms.

Question 2

What are the 11 systems of the human body?

Answer 2

Integumentry, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, digestive, urinary, lymphatic, respiratory, & reproductive.

Question 3

What are the 3 main components of a typical cell?

Answer 3

1. Plasms membrane,
2. Nucleus,
3. Cytoplasm.

Question 4

What is another name for the cytosol?

Answer 4

Intracellular fluid.

Question 5

What are the 3 functions of the Cytoskeleton?

Answer 5

1. Cell support & shape,
2. Organisation of chemical reactions,
3. Cell & organelle movment.

Question 6

What are the non-membranous organelles of the cell?

Answer 6

Cytoskeleton, centrosome, cilia & flagella.

Question 7

What are the 3 cytoskeletal filaments?

Answer 7

1. Microfilaments,
2. Intermediate filaments,
3. Microtubules.

Question 8

What is the Centrososme?

Answer 8

The name given to the part of the cell that surround the Centrioles. Normally found near the nucleus.

Question 9

What are the key features of the Nucleus?

Answer 9

A large double membraneous organelle. The outer layer is continuous with the rough ER. Has large water-filled nuclear pores on the membrane. Contains a nucleolus which contains all genetic material. Starts the process of protein production, & it builds ribosomes.

Question 10

What are the 3 types of ribosomes?

Answer 10

1. Free,
2. Membrane bound,
3. Mitochondrial.

Question 11

What are the features of rough ER?

Answer 11

Continuous with the nuclear envelope & covered in ribosomes. It synthesizes, processess & packages proteins for export.

Question 12

What are the features of smooth ER?

Answer 12

Has no ribosomes attached. It synthesizes phospholipids, steroids & fats. It detoxifies harmful substances e.g. alcohol.

Question 13

What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?

Answer 13

Processing & packaging of proteins produced by the RER into the final mature & functioning protein.

Question 14

What are the 3 different types of proteins produced by the Golgi Apparatus?

Answer 14

1. Storage or Lysosomes - Stay in the cell & act as digestive enzymes.
2. Membrane bound - Vesicles that travel to the cell membrane & embed there.
3. Secretory - Vesicles that move to the cell membrane for it’s contents to be deposited outside of the cell via exocytosis to then travel & be used by other cells.

Question 15

What are Peroxisomes?

Answer 15

Membranous vesicles that contin enzymes that oxidize organic material. They are part of the normal metabolic breakdown of amino acids & fatty acids. They also oxidize toxic substances e.g. alcohol.

Question 16

What are the 2 stages of cell division?

Answer 16

1. Interphase,
2. Mitosis,
3. Cytokinesis.

Question 17

Put these phases of interphase into the correct order-

1. S,
2. G2,
3. G zero,
4. G1.

Answer 17

1. G zero - specialized cell functions only e.g. RBC.
2. G1 - Cell growth, organelle duplication, protein synthesis.
3. S - DNA replication & histone synthesis.
4. G2 - finishing of protein synthesis & centriole replication.

Question 18

Put these phases of mitosis in the correct order-

1. Metaphase,
2. Telophase,
3. Prophase,
4. Anaphase

Answer 18

1. Prophase,
2. Metaphase,
3. Anaphase,
4. Telophase.

Question 19

What is Cytokinesis?

Answer 19

Division of the cytoplasm.

Question 20

What is the correct terminology for programmed cell death?

Answer 20

Apoptosis.