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poli sci > week 2: bureaucracy 1 foundational theories > Flashcards

week 2: bureaucracy 1 foundational theories Flashcards

1
Q

Bureaucracy:

A

method of administration organizing numerous people who need to work together in large or complex pubic or private organizations

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2
Q

3 things thoerys do

A

describe, explain, predict

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3
Q

describe

A

Describe events that the theory is trying to explain/ predict
assumptions and generalizations

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4
Q

explain

A

Why something happened/ happening

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5
Q

predict

A

Hypothesis about things that haven’t happened yet
hardest to do

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6
Q

some pa thoeries are …

A

normative – Explain what/how things should be

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7
Q

What is Marx’s idea of Bureaucracy as a special interest?

A

Goal is to increase its power
Individual bureaucrats are motivated by power, status, and prestige

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8
Q

Who are Neo-Marxists?

A

Modern day theorists carrying out and implementing the original theories and ideas of Karl Marx

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9
Q

accumulation

A

foster growth, make profits
Attract economic growth, healthy business environment

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10
Q

legitimation

A

ensure that a challenge to capitalist doesn’t develop

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11
Q

max weber

A

Strict and operation rules within rational behaviour should be in force

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12
Q

ideal type bureaucracy

A

Simplification of common traits

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13
Q

Ideal-type bureaucracy and 7 associated facets?

A

hierarchy, specialization, merit, full-time employment, impersonality, written files, authority as a function of position

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14
Q

hierarchy

A

System of organization ranked division of labour b/w superior and subordinate personnel
creation of upward reporting

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15
Q

unity of command is important element of…

A

hierarchy

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16
Q

unity of command

A

Each position in hierarchy only reports to one supervisor

17
Q

specialization of labour

A

Responsibilities for each position are defined and clearly allocated
Increase efficiency and effectiveness

18
Q

merit

A

Recruited in competence rather than personal relationships

19
Q

full time employement

A

job protection

20
Q

impersonality

A

Work is based on prescribed impersonal rules
All clients ought to be treated the same

21
Q

written rules

A

Treat all clients equally, set of rules, and written rationale for their actions

22
Q

authority as a function of position

A

Power and authority are attached to positions not individuals

23
Q

What are the two main ideas with Robert Merton’s bureaucratic dysfunction?

A

trained incapacity
goal displacement

24
Q

What is the relevance of Herbert Simon’s critique of Weberian bureaucracy?

A

Proverbs of administration

25
Q

Structuralist Theorists

A

People, resources, and facilities are interchangeable parts of a org structure
Humans like machines

26
Q

What is Taylor’s scientific management approach?

A

The “one best way” – efficiency
Workers as machines

27
Q

What is Gulick’s POSDCORB?

A

Planning, organizing, staffing, directing, co-ordinating, reporting and budgeting

28
Q

line functions

A

About actually producing the functions (i.e., police officers, social workers, garbage

29
Q

staff functions

A

aid and support line functions (i.e., human resources, IT, legal)

30
Q

humanist theories

A

Critique of structuralism
focuses on human beings rather than supernatural or divine insight

31
Q

Hawthorne effect

A

To test taylors assumptions

32
Q

What are the outcomes/discoveries of the Hawthornes experiments?

A

Altered form of supervision
Productivity increased when altered form took place
Ex. lighting, boss in room, temperature, how to make job better

33
Q

What are the ideas behind Mayo’s theory of group dynamics?

A

Workers are more responsive to peer pressure over management controls and incentives

34
Q

What is the relevance of Barnard’s view of organizations as cooperative human structures?

A

Org should be viewed as cooperative human structures rather than machines

35
Q

theory x assumptions

A

structuralist approach

36
Q

theory y assumptions

A

human relations approach

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