Week 2 - Breathing Flashcards
List the 12 body parts of the upper airways
Nostrils Sinus & Nasal Cavity Cilia soft palate Larynx Pharynx Vocal cords Cartilages Epiglottis Glottis Tonsils Trachea
list the 7 body parts of the lower airways
Carina Pleura Lungs Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli Diaphragm
what is Eupnea?
Normal breathing
what is hyperpnea?
Increased respiratory rate and/or volume in response to increased metabolism
what is hyperventilation?
Decreased alveolar ventilation
what is tachypnea
rapid breathing: usually increased respitatory rate with decreased dept
what is hypoventilation
decreased alveolar ventilation
what is the Tidal vol, inspiratory reserve, expiratory reserve, residual vol for a male?
Tidal = 500ml
Inspiratory reserve = 3100ml
Expiatory reserve = 1200
residual vol = 1200
what is the Tidal vol, inspiratory reserve, expiratory reserve, residual vol for a Female
Tidal = 500ml
Inspiratory reserve = 1900ml
Expiatory reserce = 700
residual vol = 1100
what are the three pieces of equipment you need to perform a respiratory assessment?
Stethoscope Pulse Oximeter (Obs equipment) RN watch (second hand)
what are the 2 types of Pneumothorax?
Spontaneous (happens primarily in young males.
Traumatic either from a sharp or blunt puncture wound
what are the 7 signs of Pneumothorax
Pleuretic pain (pain in the actual lungs- not cardiac chest pain) Trachea deviation Hyperresonance Onset sudden Reduced breath sounds (& dyspnea) Absent fremitus X-ray shows collapsed lung.
what is a Needle thoracotomy?
this is a operation that places a needle in the 2nd Rib space Mid-Clavicular Line, sometimes 5th then an ICS Chest tube insertion to remove the air and assess the risks
what is a UWSD?
Under Water Seal Drain.
what does FiO2 mean?
FiO2 = fraction of inspired O2 (%)
what does PaCO2 mean?
PaCO2 = partial pressure of CO2 in the blood
what does PaO2 mean?
PaO2 = partial pressure of O2 in the blood
what does SaO2 mean?
SaO2 = O2 Saturation (arterial specimen)
What does SpO2 mean?
SpO2 = O2 Saturation (pulse oximetry)
what is Hypoxia?
Hypoxia = Low O2 at tissue level
what is Hypoxaemia?
Hypoxaemia = Low O2 in blood
what is Hypercapnia.
Hypercapnia = High levels of CO2 in blood
what does RAT stand for?
R | Restlessness
A | Anxiety
T | Tachycardia and tachypnea
what does BED stand for?
B | Bradycardia
E | Extreme restlessness/passed out
D | Dyspnea
what are the 7 indications of hypoxaemia
Reduce O2 demand on heart Post anesthesia MI / trauma O2 is a drug (FiO2 Room air = 21%) Must be ordered Respiratory distress RN can initiate
