Week 2 Bacterial Anatomy

Question 1

study of the different shapes, sizes, and arrangements of bacteria

Answer 1

morphology

Question 2

the type of bacteria that is spherical or round in form

Answer 2

coccus (pl. cocci)

Question 3

spherical bacteria that occur in pairs

Answer 3

diplococci

Question 4

a genus of [gram-positive, nonmotile, opportunistic] bacteria which tend to aggregate in irregular, grape-like clusters

Answer 4

staphylococci

Question 5

spherical-shaped bacteria occurring in chains

Answer 5

streptococci

Question 6

rod-shaped bacteria

Answer 6

bacillus (pl. bacilli)

Question 7

a pair of rod-shaped bacteria, linked end to end

Answer 7

diplobacilli

Question 8

rod-shaped bacteria occurring in chains

Answer 8

streptobacilli

Question 9

a genus of spiral bacteria which are curved or bent rods that resemble commas

Answer 9

Vibrio

Question 10

a genus of spiral bacteria having a corkscrew shape with a rigid cell wall

Answer 10

Spirillum (pl. spirilla)

Question 11

spiral-shaped bacteria having a flexible cell wall

Answer 11

spirochete

Question 12

semirigid structure that provides the cell with its shape

Answer 12

cell wall

Question 13

plasma membrane that lines the inside of the cell wall of many bacteria

Answer 13

cell membrane

Question 14

material inside the cell (80% water containing enzymes, carbohydrates, and lipids that together creates a thick fluid)
•eukaryotic generally refers to the functional organelles in the cell
•prokaryotic generally refers to the internal matrix of the cell

Answer 14

cytoplasm

Question 15

folded area of the plasma membrane that assists in DNA replication

Answer 15

mesosome

Question 16

particle that assists in protein synthesis

Answer 16

ribosome

Question 17

area containing the bacterial chromosome and the plasmids

Answer 17

nuclear body

Question 18

a coating that surrounds some bacterial cells; a loose gel-like structure that, in pathogenic bacteria, helps to protect against phagocytosis
-organized and firmly attached externally to the cell wall
-allows the cell to be more resistant and to adhere to surfaces

Answer 18

capsule

Question 19

sticky coating surrounding the cell wall in prokaryotic cells

Answer 19

glycocalyx

Question 20

a thick-walled body produced by a bacterium to enable it to survive unfavorable environmental conditions •highly resistant casing that can allow the bacteria inside to survive for thousands of years
•resistant to disinfectants

Answer 20

endospore

Question 21

the state occurring after an endospore germinates
-may at any time form a new endospore
-can grow and reproduce

Answer 21

vegetative bacteria

Question 22

bacteria forming an endospore

Answer 22

sporulating bacteria

Question 23

long whip-like appendages that propel an organism

Answer 23

flagella

Question 24

short, thin attachments that allow organisms to adhere to surfaces
•usually only one or two attached to a cell
•often allow bacteria to adhere to each other

Answer 24

pili