Week 1 Introduction

Question 1

a prokaryotic one-celled microorganism of the Kingdom Monera, existing as free-living organisms or as parasites, multiplying by binary fission and having a large range of biochemical properties

Answer 1

bacteria

Question 2

a visible group of bacteria growing on a solid medium, presumably arising from a single microorganism

Answer 2

bacterial colony

Question 3

science that studies bacteria

Answer 3

bacteriology

Question 4

a method of asexual reproduction involving halving of the nucleus and cytoplasm of the cell followed by the development of each half into a new individual cell

Answer 4

binary fission

Question 5

a large group of nonmotile, gram-negative intracellular parasites

Answer 5

chlamydia

Question 6

the type of bacteria that is spherical or round in form

Answer 6

coccus (pl. cocci)

Question 7

a group of diverse and widespread unicellular and multicellular organisms, lacking chlorophyll, usually bearing spores and often filamentous

Answer 7

fungus (pl. fungi)

Question 8

scientific study of microorganisms and their effects on other living organisms

Answer 8

microbiology

Question 9

the branch of science concerned with the study of fungi

Answer 9

mycology

Question 10

a group of bacteria that lack cell walls and are highly pleomorphic

Answer 10

mycoplasma

Question 11

a small proteinaceous infectious particle that is believed to be responsible for spongiform encephalopathies in humans and other mammals

Answer 11

prion

Question 12

eukaryotic, animal-like, unicellular organisms; some of which may be pathogenic

Answer 12

protozoa

Question 13

science that deals with the study of protozoa

Answer 13

protozoology

Question 14

a genus of gram-negative, nonmotile, pathogenic, obligate intracellular parasitic bacilli

Answer 14

Rickettsia

Question 15

area of science that studies Rickettsia

Answer 15

Rickettsiology

Question 16

a genus of gram-positive, nonmotile, opportunistic bacteria which tend to aggregate in irregular, grape-like clusters

Answer 16

Staphylococcus

Question 17

the study of viruses and viral diseases

Answer 17

virology

Question 18

an intracellular, infectious parasite capable of replicating only in living cells, containing only one form of nucleic acid

Answer 18

virus

Question 19

the branch of science that classifies organisms

Answer 19

taxonomy

Question 20

bacteria, archaea, eukarya

Answer 20

domains

Question 21

animal, plant, fungi, protist, monera (single-celled prokaryotes)

Answer 21

kingdom

Question 22

organisms with similar body plans (morphological features and structures)

Answer 22

phylum

Question 23

organisms with more specific similarities than phyla group

Answer 23

class

Question 24

more specific groups within classes

Answer 24

order

Question 25

more specific groups within orders

Answer 25

family

Question 26

more specific groups within families

Answer 26

genus

Question 27

group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

Answer 27

species

Question 28

No nucleus – DNA is held in a nucleoid No membrane-bound organelles Cell wall composed of peptidoglycan (amino acids + sugar) Examples include bacteria and cyanobacteria

Answer 28

prokaryotes

Question 29

Contain nucleus (or nuclei), cytoskeleton, and membrane-bound organelles Cytoskeleton is made of proteins Nucleus contains genetic information that is organized into chromosomes Nucleus is bound by a nuclear envelope Examples include most animal, plant, protozoan, and algae cells

Answer 29

eukaryotes

Question 30

a way of differentiating types of bacteria with dyes

Answer 30

Gram staining

Question 31

bacteria stain violet and have a thick peptidoglycan wall

Answer 31

Gram positive

Question 32

bacteria stain red and have a thin peptidoglycan wall

Answer 32

Gram negative

Question 33

irregular or “variant” forms exist

Answer 33

pleomorphic

Question 34

Smallest and most simple self-replicating bacteria Colonies grow in a fried egg shape Produce hydrogen peroxide

Answer 34

mycoplasmas

Question 35

can cause disease

Answer 35

pathogenic

Question 36

requires a host cell

Answer 36

obligate intracellular parasite

Question 37

Rod-shaped usually but are able to change shapes Usually spread via arthropod vectors Cannot live outside of host cell

Answer 37

Rickettsia

Question 38

unable to move itself

Answer 38

nonmotile

Question 39

Replicate in host cells Spherical shaped Rigid cell wall with a large amount of lipids

Answer 39

chlamydia

Question 40

Very small Can only live and replicate in living cells Can infect almost any living cell Many types and classifications

Answer 40

viruses

Question 41

No cell wall Rigid forms that can change throughout their development Most prevalent microorganism Nonliving agent

Answer 41

protozoa

Question 42

component of photosynthesis

Answer 42

chlorophyll

Question 43

thick-walled resistant layer

Answer 43

spore

Question 44

grows in long chains or strands

Answer 44

filamentous

Question 45

Often grow on decomposing matter Usually grow in round patterns Often associated with conditions that cause immunosuppression

Answer 45

fungi

Question 46

grows on decomposing matter

Answer 46

saprophytic

Question 47

a small proteinaceous infectious nonliving particle with no DNA or RNA

Answer 47

prion