Week 1 Introduction Flashcards
a prokaryotic one-celled microorganism of the Kingdom Monera, existing as free-living organisms or as parasites, multiplying by binary fission and having a large range of biochemical properties
bacteria
a visible group of bacteria growing on a solid medium, presumably arising from a single microorganism
bacterial colony
science that studies bacteria
bacteriology
a method of asexual reproduction involving halving of the nucleus and cytoplasm of the cell followed by the development of each half into a new individual cell
binary fission
a large group of nonmotile, gram-negative intracellular parasites
chlamydia
the type of bacteria that is spherical or round in form
coccus (pl. cocci)
a group of diverse and widespread unicellular and multicellular organisms, lacking chlorophyll, usually bearing spores and often filamentous
fungus (pl. fungi)
scientific study of microorganisms and their effects on other living organisms
microbiology
the branch of science concerned with the study of fungi
mycology
a group of bacteria that lack cell walls and are highly pleomorphic
mycoplasma
a small proteinaceous infectious particle that is believed to be responsible for spongiform encephalopathies in humans and other mammals
prion
eukaryotic, animal-like, unicellular organisms; some of which may be pathogenic
protozoa
science that deals with the study of protozoa
protozoology
a genus of gram-negative, nonmotile, pathogenic, obligate intracellular parasitic bacilli
Rickettsia
area of science that studies Rickettsia
Rickettsiology
a genus of gram-positive, nonmotile, opportunistic bacteria which tend to aggregate in irregular, grape-like clusters
Staphylococcus
the study of viruses and viral diseases
virology
an intracellular, infectious parasite capable of replicating only in living cells, containing only one form of nucleic acid
virus
the branch of science that classifies organisms
taxonomy
bacteria, archaea, eukarya
domains
animal, plant, fungi, protist, monera (single-celled prokaryotes)
kingdom
organisms with similar body plans (morphological features and structures)
phylum
organisms with more specific similarities than phyla group
class
more specific groups within classes
order
more specific groups within orders
family
more specific groups within families
genus
group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
species
No nucleus – DNA is held in a nucleoid
No membrane-bound organelles
Cell wall composed of peptidoglycan (amino acids + sugar)
Examples include bacteria and cyanobacteria
prokaryotes
Contain nucleus (or nuclei), cytoskeleton, and membrane-bound organelles
Cytoskeleton is made of proteins
Nucleus contains genetic information that is organized into chromosomes
Nucleus is bound by a nuclear envelope
Examples include most animal, plant, protozoan, and algae cells
eukaryotes
a way of differentiating types of bacteria with dyes
Gram staining
bacteria stain violet and have a thick peptidoglycan wall
Gram positive
bacteria stain red and have a thin peptidoglycan wall
Gram negative
irregular or “variant” forms exist
pleomorphic
Smallest and most simple self-replicating bacteria
Colonies grow in a fried egg shape
Produce hydrogen peroxide
mycoplasmas
can cause disease
pathogenic
requires a host cell
obligate intracellular parasite
Rod-shaped usually but are able to change shapes
Usually spread via arthropod vectors
Cannot live outside of host cell
Rickettsia
unable to move itself
nonmotile
Replicate in host cells
Spherical shaped
Rigid cell wall with a large amount of lipids
chlamydia
Very small
Can only live and replicate in living cells
Can infect almost any living cell
Many types and classifications
viruses
No cell wall
Rigid forms that can change throughout their development
Most prevalent microorganism
Nonliving agent
protozoa
component of photosynthesis
chlorophyll
thick-walled resistant layer
spore
grows in long chains or strands
filamentous
Often grow on decomposing matter
Usually grow in round patterns
Often associated with conditions that cause immunosuppression
fungi
grows on decomposing matter
saprophytic
a small proteinaceous infectious nonliving particle with no DNA or RNA
prion
