Week 2 Adolescent & Adult Development

Question 1

Moral development pioneer

Answer 1

Lawrence Kohlberg (1980s)

Question 2

Morality of self-interest to avoid punishment or gain concrete rewards

Answer 2

Preconventional level of morality (kohlbergs)

Question 3

Morality of law and social rules to gain approval or avoid disapproval

Answer 3

Conventional level of morality

Question 4

Morality of abstract principles- to affirm agreed upon rights and personal ethical principles

Answer 4

Postconventional level of morality

Question 5

Kohlbergs Moral Ladder

Answer 5

As moral development progress, the focus of concern moves from self to the wider social world

Question 6

Punishment- obedience orientation

Answer 6

Right or wrong is determined by what is punished

Question 7

Instrumental hedonistic stage

Answer 7

Right or wrong is determined by what is rewarded

Question 8

Good child orientation
(Conventional moral orientation)

Answer 8

Right or wrong is determined by close others’ approval or disapproval
(Conventional)

Question 9

Law and order orientation (conventional moral development)

Answer 9

Right or wrong is determined by society’s rules and laws which should be obeyed rigidly

Question 10

Postconventional level
Social contract orientation

Answer 10

Right or wrong is determined by society’s rules, which are fallible rather than absolute

Question 11

Universal ethical principal
Postconventional

Answer 11

Right or wrong is determined by abstract principles that emphasise equity and justice

Question 12

Piaget: children believe that morals are absolute

Answer 12

Morality of constraint

Question 13

Piaget- moral rules can be changed if they are not appropriate to the occasion, as long as the people involved agree to do so.

Answer 13

Morality of cooperation

Question 14

Cognitive-social theories of morality

Answer 14

Moral behaviours, like all behaviours are learned through processes such as conditioning and modelling

Question 15

Behaviour that benefits other individuals or groups regarding morality

Answer 15

Prosocial behaviour

Question 16

Information processing theories on morality

Answer 16

Moral thinking broken down into component processes and how they changed through childhood

Question 17

Preconventional morality

Answer 17

People follow moral rules to avoid punishment or gain reward

Question 18

Conventional morality

Answer 18

People define what is right by the standards learned from other people in authority

Question 19

Post conventional morality

Answer 19

People reason using abstract, self defined moral principles that may not match conventional beliefs

Question 20

Erik Ericsson’s mentor

Answer 20

Anna Freud

Question 21

Define: Psychosocial stages

Answer 21

Stages in development of the person as a social being

Question 22

Psychosocial stage 1- 0-18months

Answer 22

Basic Trust vs Mistrust

Question 23

Psychosocial stage where infants come to trust others or perceive the social world as hostile or unreliable

Answer 23

Basic trust vs mistrust

Question 24

Psychosocial stage 2 (1-2years)

Answer 24

Autonomy vs shame and doubt

Question 25

Psychosocial stage where children begin to walk and talk, becoming secure in their independent or experience doubt in their newfound skills and shame in their failures

Answer 25

Autonomy vs shame/doubt

Question 26

Psychosocial stage 3 (3-6years)

Answer 26

Initiative vs Guilt

Question 27

Psychosocial stage where child follow through with ideas and goals OR have difficulty with being self critical or rigid and constricted on feelings and impulses that they have learned to think as bad

Answer 27

Initiative vs guilt

Question 28

Psychosocial stage 4 (7-11 years)

Answer 28

Industry vs inferiority

Question 29

Psychosocial stage where children develop a sense of competence or inadequacy as they begin to develop and practise skills for life

Answer 29

Industry vs inferiority

Question 30

Psychosocial stage 5 (adolescence 11-19)

Answer 30

Identity vs identity confusion

Question 31

Psychosocial stage where a child either has a stable sense of self or failure to develop a coherent and enduring sense of self

Answer 31

Identity vs identity confusion

Question 32

Psychosocial stage 6 (young adulthood)

Answer 32

Intimacy vs isolation

Question 33

Psychosocial stage where a young adult establishes enduring, committed relationships or withdraws and avoids commitments

Answer 33

Intimacy vs isolation

Question 34

Psychosocial stage 7 (midlife)

Answer 34

Generativity vs stagnation

Question 35

A psychosocial stage where people begin to leave some kind of legacy with interest to next generation or a feeling that the promise of youth has gone unfulfilled

Answer 35

Generativity vs stagnation

Question 36

Final stage of psychosocial development

Answer 36

Integrity vs despair

Question 37

Psychosocial development where individuals look back on their lives with either a sense of having lived them well or with despair/regret

Answer 37

Integrity vs despair

Question 38

Model of thought where adolescents go through a period of crisis to separate themselves psychologically from their parents and carve their own identity

Answer 38

Conflict model

Question 39

Continuity model

Answer 39

Adolescence is not a turbulent period but continuous with childhood and adulthood

Question 40

Dementia

Answer 40

Dementia has a variety of causes (reduced blood supply or exposure to toxins) and can be reversed

Question 41

A progressive incurable disease that destroys neurons in the brain, severely impairing memory, reasoning, perception, language and behaviour

Answer 41

Alzheimers disease

Question 42

Characteristic change in brain tissue in Alzheimers

Answer 42

Tangled neurons and protein deposits that disrupt functioning cells in the cortex

Question 43

Alzheimer patients have abnormally low levels of what neurotransmitter

Answer 43

Acetycholine (central role in memory functioning)

Question 44

Which group population is rapidly increasing in number in Australia and has led to an increased interest in this area of the lifespan development?

a. The infant population
b. The ageing population
c. The adolescent population
d. The midlife population

Answer 44

B. The ageing population

Question 45

Alzheimers patients have abnormally low levels of _______, a neurotransmitter that plays a central role in memory functioning

a. Acetylcholine
b. Serotonin
c. Norepinephrine
d. GABA

Answer 45

A. Acetylcholine

Question 46

Fluid intelligence:

a. Peaks in young adulthood, then levels off and begin declining by mid-adulthood
b. Increases throughout most of life, showing declines only in very old age
c. Begins declining shortly after the preschool period, although the decline is imperceptibly slow at first
d. Peaks at puberty, then begins a decline that accelerates with age

Answer 46

A. Peaks in young adulthood, then levels off and begins decline by mid-adulthood

Question 47

Having ______ is associated with increased functional and cognitive abilities, better episodic memory and processing speed, fewer depressive symptoms and better overall self-reported health

a. Support networks
b. A good education
c. A sense of purpose and meaning in life
d. Relaxing and enjoyable activities

Answer 47

C. A sense of purpose and meaning in life