Week 2 Adolescent & Adult Development Flashcards
Moral development pioneer
Lawrence Kohlberg (1980s)
Morality of self-interest to avoid punishment or gain concrete rewards
Preconventional level of morality (kohlbergs)
Morality of law and social rules to gain approval or avoid disapproval
Conventional level of morality
Morality of abstract principles- to affirm agreed upon rights and personal ethical principles
Postconventional level of morality
Kohlbergs Moral Ladder
As moral development progress, the focus of concern moves from self to the wider social world
Punishment- obedience orientation
Right or wrong is determined by what is punished
Instrumental hedonistic stage
Right or wrong is determined by what is rewarded
Good child orientation
(Conventional moral orientation)
Right or wrong is determined by close others’ approval or disapproval
(Conventional)
Law and order orientation (conventional moral development)
Right or wrong is determined by society’s rules and laws which should be obeyed rigidly
Postconventional level
Social contract orientation
Right or wrong is determined by society’s rules, which are fallible rather than absolute
Universal ethical principal
Postconventional
Right or wrong is determined by abstract principles that emphasise equity and justice
Piaget: children believe that morals are absolute
Morality of constraint
Piaget- moral rules can be changed if they are not appropriate to the occasion, as long as the people involved agree to do so.
Morality of cooperation
Cognitive-social theories of morality
Moral behaviours, like all behaviours are learned through processes such as conditioning and modelling
Behaviour that benefits other individuals or groups regarding morality
Prosocial behaviour
Information processing theories on morality
Moral thinking broken down into component processes and how they changed through childhood
Preconventional morality
People follow moral rules to avoid punishment or gain reward
Conventional morality
People define what is right by the standards learned from other people in authority
Post conventional morality
People reason using abstract, self defined moral principles that may not match conventional beliefs
Erik Ericsson’s mentor
Anna Freud
Define: Psychosocial stages
Stages in development of the person as a social being
Psychosocial stage 1- 0-18months
Basic Trust vs Mistrust
Psychosocial stage where infants come to trust others or perceive the social world as hostile or unreliable
Basic trust vs mistrust
Psychosocial stage 2 (1-2years)
Autonomy vs shame and doubt
Psychosocial stage where children begin to walk and talk, becoming secure in their independent or experience doubt in their newfound skills and shame in their failures
Autonomy vs shame/doubt
Psychosocial stage 3 (3-6years)
Initiative vs Guilt
Psychosocial stage where child follow through with ideas and goals OR have difficulty with being self critical or rigid and constricted on feelings and impulses that they have learned to think as bad
Initiative vs guilt
Psychosocial stage 4 (7-11 years)
Industry vs inferiority
Psychosocial stage where children develop a sense of competence or inadequacy as they begin to develop and practise skills for life
Industry vs inferiority
Psychosocial stage 5 (adolescence 11-19)
Identity vs identity confusion
Psychosocial stage where a child either has a stable sense of self or failure to develop a coherent and enduring sense of self
Identity vs identity confusion
Psychosocial stage 6 (young adulthood)
Intimacy vs isolation
Psychosocial stage where a young adult establishes enduring, committed relationships or withdraws and avoids commitments
Intimacy vs isolation
Psychosocial stage 7 (midlife)
Generativity vs stagnation
A psychosocial stage where people begin to leave some kind of legacy with interest to next generation or a feeling that the promise of youth has gone unfulfilled
Generativity vs stagnation
Final stage of psychosocial development
Integrity vs despair
Psychosocial development where individuals look back on their lives with either a sense of having lived them well or with despair/regret
Integrity vs despair
Model of thought where adolescents go through a period of crisis to separate themselves psychologically from their parents and carve their own identity
Conflict model
Continuity model
Adolescence is not a turbulent period but continuous with childhood and adulthood
Dementia
Dementia has a variety of causes (reduced blood supply or exposure to toxins) and can be reversed
A progressive incurable disease that destroys neurons in the brain, severely impairing memory, reasoning, perception, language and behaviour
Alzheimers disease
Characteristic change in brain tissue in Alzheimers
Tangled neurons and protein deposits that disrupt functioning cells in the cortex
Alzheimer patients have abnormally low levels of what neurotransmitter
Acetycholine (central role in memory functioning)
Which group population is rapidly increasing in number in Australia and has led to an increased interest in this area of the lifespan development?
a. The infant population
b. The ageing population
c. The adolescent population
d. The midlife population
B. The ageing population
Alzheimers patients have abnormally low levels of _______, a neurotransmitter that plays a central role in memory functioning
a. Acetylcholine
b. Serotonin
c. Norepinephrine
d. GABA
A. Acetylcholine
Fluid intelligence:
a. Peaks in young adulthood, then levels off and begin declining by mid-adulthood
b. Increases throughout most of life, showing declines only in very old age
c. Begins declining shortly after the preschool period, although the decline is imperceptibly slow at first
d. Peaks at puberty, then begins a decline that accelerates with age
A. Peaks in young adulthood, then levels off and begins decline by mid-adulthood
Having ______ is associated with increased functional and cognitive abilities, better episodic memory and processing speed, fewer depressive symptoms and better overall self-reported health
a. Support networks
b. A good education
c. A sense of purpose and meaning in life
d. Relaxing and enjoyable activities
C. A sense of purpose and meaning in life
