Personality Flashcards
Personality traits
Emotional, cognitive, and behavioural tendencies
Personality mechanisms
Input, decision rules, output
Personality Influenced interactions
Perception, selection, evocation and manipulation
Personality
The enduring pattern of thought, feeling, motivation and behaviour that are expressed in different circumstances
The organisation of enduring patterns of thought, feeling, motivation and behaviour
Structure of personality
Personality psychologist had two aims- to describe 1) and study 2)
1) structure of personality
2) individual differences
5 Basic elements of personality
Motives, thoughts, feelings, traits and behaviour
Whos personality theory? A trait is a group of correlated habits
Eysenck theory
According to Eysnecks theory- Extroversion/introversion is a ______ trait
Type or Super trait
Trait referring to a tendency to be sociable, active and willing to take risks.
Extroversion
Trait characterised by social inhibition, seriousness and caution
Introversion
_______ defines a continuum from emotional stability to instability
Neuroticism
Trait where people report feeling anxious, guilty, tense and moody and low self esteem
High neuroticism
Eysencks -Psychological trait where people are aggressive, egocentric, impulsive and antisocial
Psychotically
(Eysenck)People are empathetic and able to control their impulses
Low psychoticisim
Raymond Cattel reduced the trait list to ___
16 traits correlated from Allports and Odberts lists
Eysenck identified differences in cortical arousal regulated by_____ (re- intro and extroversion)
ARAS Ascending reticular activating system
Introverts are more ______ than extroverts thus referring lower levels of stimulation
More alert or Cortically aroused
Jeffrey Gray proposed that brain structure had evolved in result of reinforcement or punishment
Reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST)
Structure that is attuned to rewards, leading people to seek out stimulation or arousal
BAS- behavioural approach system
Structure that is attuned to punishment and leads people to avoid potential dangerous or painful experiences
BIS behavioural inhibition theory
Extroverts have a stronger ______ thus influenced by potential reward while introverts have a higher ______ influenced by possible failure or harm
extrovert have higher BAS
Intorverts have higher BIS
Taxonomy of traits boiled down to five superordinate personality traits
Five factor model (FFM)
Freud’s theory based on two instincts
Self preservation and Sexual Instincts
Drive Model (0-18months)
Oral: exploring the world through mouth
Drive model (2-3 years)
Anal- conflicts regarding compliance and defiance + toliet training
Drive model (4-6years)
Phallic- pleasure from touching genitals- Oedipus complex
Drive model (7-11years)
Latency- sexual impulses repressed
Drive model 12+
Genital (Genital sex)
Drive model is known as
Psychosexual stages of development
Freud’s structural model
Interplay between conscious, pre- conscious and unconscious
3 parts to the structural model
Ego- conscious
Superego- preconscious
Id- unconscious and swxual aggressive energy
Structural model- conscious, balances desire, reality & morality, cognition and problem solving
Ego
Structural model- preconscious, morality, source of ideals
Super ego
Structural model- preconscious, morality, source of ideals
Super ego
Structural model- unconscious, sexual and aggressive energy, instinctive, pleasure principal
Id
An unpleasant state that signals that things are not right and something must be done
Anxiety
Enduring patterns of behaviour in intimate relationships (and the motivation, cognitive and affective processes that produce these patterns)
Object relation theory
Conflicting feeling or motives
Ambivalence
Research shows that interaction of ambivalence and conflict towards goals predicts
Depression
Solutions people develop tp maximise fulfilment of conflicting motives simultaneously
Compromise formations
A tension or battle between opposing forces
Conflict
Pleasure seeking, sensuality, love and desires for sexual intercourse
Libido
Difficulty during any stage of psychosexual development can lead to_____
Fixations, conflicts or concerns that persist beyond the development period in which they arise
Freud’s hypothesis that little boys want anexclusiv relationship with their mothers and girls with their fathers
Oedipus complex
Girls renouncing their secret wishes to their father and identify with their mother
Boys fear rivalry with father so repress their sexual desires toward their mother
Electra complex and castration complex
During phallic stage girls develop ____ the belief that because they lack a penis theire inferior to boys
Penis envy
The counterbalance to the untamed passions of the id
The superego as a parental voice
The ego is capable of ______ which is rational, logical and goal directed
Secondary process thinking
The ego obeys ______ recognising that the immediate desire for pleaser needs to offset against the reality of consequences
Reality principal