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Biological Psychology > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

The resting potential of a neuron

A

-70mV difference between inside and outside of cell

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2
Q

Concentration of ions inside and outside a cell at resting state

A

High concentration of sodium ions outside cell, high concentration of potassium ions inside cell

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3
Q

Steps involved in an action potential

A
  1. Depolarising stimulus of +15mV (raising it to -55mV) at axon hillock
  2. Sodium rushes into cell, potassium channels open, sodium channels close
  3. Potassium rushes out of cell, potassium channels close
  4. Refractory period
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4
Q

How are ions charged

A

Electrons are negatively charged; so an absence of electrons = positively charged. A surplus of electrons = negatively charged

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5
Q

Sodium

A

Na+

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6
Q

Potassium

A

K+

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7
Q

Calcium

A

Ca2+

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8
Q

Chloride

A

Cl-

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9
Q

Organic

A

A-

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10
Q

Steps involved in an action potential

A
  1. Depolarising stimulus of +15mV (raising it to -55mV) at axon hillock
  2. Sodium rushes into cell, potassium channels open, sodium channels close
  3. Potassium rushes out of cell, potassium channels close
  4. Refractory period
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11
Q

Organic

A

A-

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12
Q

Sodium Potassium Pump

A

3 sodium ions out for every 2 potassium ions in (ie continuously exchanges three intracellular Na+ for two K+)

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13
Q

Sodium Potassium Pump

A

3 sodium ions out for every 2 potassium ions in

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14
Q

Diffusion Forces

A

Particles move away from areas of high concentration

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15
Q

Electrostatic Forces

A

Like charges repel each other

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16
Q

Threshold Potential

A

Typically voltage inside the neuron becomes more positive by about +15mV (making the charge (-55mV), triggering an action potential

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17
Q

Voltage at peak of action potential

A

+30mV

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18
Q

Exocytosis

A

The process by which neurotransmitters are released into the synapse

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19
Q

What is white matter made of?

A

Myelinated axons

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20
Q

What is grey matter made of?

A

Cell bodies

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21
Q

What is grey matter made of?

A

Cell bodies

22
Q

All or none law

A

Once an action potential is triggered, it is always the same size. The threshold potential being reached is the catalyst for an action potential

23
Q

Direct agonist

A

Drug that binds with and activates a receptor

24
Q

Receptor blocker

A

A drug that binds with a receptor but does not activate it prevents the natural ligand from binding with the receptor (antagonist)

25
Q

Direct antagonist

A

Synonym for Receptor Blocker

26
Q

Noncompetitive binding

A

Binding of a drug to a site on a receptor; does not interfere with the binding site for the principal ligand

27
Q

Indirect antagonist

A

A drug that attaches to a binding site on a receptor and interferes with the action of receptor, but without interfering with the binding of the principal ligand

28
Q

Indirect agonist

A

A drug that attaches to a binding site on a receptor and facilitates the action of the receptor; does not interfere with binding site of principal ligand

29
Q

EPSP

A

Excitatory Post Synaptic Potential - Causes cell to become more positive

30
Q

IPSP

A

Inhibitory Post Synaptic Potential - Causes cell to become more negative

31
Q

Voltage during refractory period

A

Gets down to -80mV

32
Q

Presynaptic Inhibition

A

Receptors on the axonal endings that inhibit exocytosis, rather than inhibiting the postsynaptic neuron (GABA does this by stopping inflow of calcium at the axon terminal)

33
Q

Ionotropic Receptors

A

Same molecular unit for receptor and ion channel

34
Q

Metabotropic Receptors

A

Receptor activates a G Protein, instigating a number of intracellular chemical processes involving second messengers (opens many ion channels from ‘inside’ the neuron)

35
Q

Astrocytes

A

Star-shaped glial cells. Support neurons and provide structure. Form the blood-brain barrier.

36
Q

Astrocytes

A

Star-shaped glial cells. Support neurons and provide structure. Form part of the blood-brain barrier.

37
Q

Oligodendrocyte

A

Glial cells that wrap around CNS neurons to provide myelin sheath

38
Q

Swann Cells

A

Glial cells that wrap around PNS neurons to provide myelin sheath

39
Q

Swann Cells

A

Glial cells that wrap around PNS neurons to provide myelin sheath

40
Q

Function of a neuron

A

Encoding memories; production of thoughts and memories; the production of neurotransmitters

41
Q

Nerve impulse describes:

A

The movement of an action potential along the axon

42
Q

Dendrites receive what sort of input? Inhibitory or excitatory?

A

Both

43
Q

Saltatory conduction

A

At each node of ranvier, the action potential is amplified to original intensity

44
Q

What is common of the postsynaptic membrane

A

Thickened appearance and receptor protiens

45
Q

Spatial summation

A

multiple inputs from multiple neurons adding up to trigger action potential

46
Q

Temporal summation

A

lots of signals from one neuron in quick succession, triggering an action potential

47
Q

What is common of the postsynaptic membrane?

A

Thickened appearance and receptor protiens

48
Q

Temporal summation

A

lots of signals from one neuron in quick succession, triggering an action potential

49
Q

The influx of what ions at the Synaptic Terminal causes exocytation?

A

Ca++; Calcium

50
Q

Where are neurotransmitters produced?

A

In the soma and synaptic terminals

51
Q

Where are neurotransmitters produced?

A

In the soma and synaptic terminals

52
Q

Acetylcholine is the classical neurotransmitter for:

A

All skeletal motor synapses

Biological Psychology (12 decks)

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