CNS and PNS Structure Flashcards
What does the Nervous System consist of?
Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System
What does the Central Nervous System consist of?
The brain and spinal cord
What does the Peripheral Nervous System consist of?
Somatic Nervous System and Autonomic Nervous System
What does the Autonomic Nervous System Consist of?
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Systems
Somatic Nervous System
Includes all sensory information going in and deliberate muscle movement. All Somatic neurons produce acetylcholine.
Sympathetic Nervous System
Prepares body to flee or fight. Sympathetic cells are cholinergic and andrenergic, meaning they secrete acetylcholine and adrenaline.
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Normalises the effects of Sympathetic nervous system; maintains resting body function. Parasympathetic cells only produce acetylcholine.
Does GABA increase or decrease the firing of cells?
Decreases
A second messenger is:
A chemical in the postsynaptic cell which is activated by a G Protein
The Endocrine System consists of:
The glands scattered throughout the body that produce hormones
Which gland controls the rest of the Endocrine System?
The pituitary gland or ‘master gland’
Negative feedback
When blood levels of a particular hormone increase, the pituitary gland reacts to this by inhibiting the release of that hormone
Contralateral
Info received in brain from opposite side of the body
Ipsilateral
Info received in brain from same side of the body
Anterior
Front. Otherwise known as Rostral.
Posterior
Back. Otherwise known as Caudal.
Medial
Toward the middle. Otherwise known as Mesial
Lateral
Toward the side
Ventral
On the bottom (inferior)
Dorsal
On the top (superior)
Afferent
Information going into the brain
Efferent
Information going out of the brain
Efferent
Information going out of the brain
Transverse
Cutting into two pieces vertically, so you have a ‘front’ and a ‘back’ section. (different in spinal cord, where it’s cut straight through)
Horizontal
Cutting through the middle so you have a ‘top’ and a ‘bottom’
Sagital
Right down the middle, cutting the brain in half through the longitudinal fissure. Cuts it neatly into two hemispheres
What’s a group of cell bodies called inside vs outside of the brain?
Inside - Nucleus
Outside - Ganglion
What’s a group of axons called inside vs outside of the brain?
Inside - Tract
Outside - Nerve
Dorsal root
In spinal cord - relays sensory info into spinal cord
Ventral root
In spinal cord - controls muscles in the body
