CNS and PNS Structure

Question 1

What does the Nervous System consist of?

Answer 1

Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System

Question 2

What does the Central Nervous System consist of?

Answer 2

The brain and spinal cord

Question 3

What does the Peripheral Nervous System consist of?

Answer 3

Somatic Nervous System and Autonomic Nervous System

Question 4

What does the Autonomic Nervous System Consist of?

Answer 4

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Systems

Question 5

Somatic Nervous System

Answer 5

Includes all sensory information going in and deliberate muscle movement. All Somatic neurons produce acetylcholine.

Question 6

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 6

Prepares body to flee or fight. Sympathetic cells are cholinergic and andrenergic, meaning they secrete acetylcholine and adrenaline.

Question 7

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 7

Normalises the effects of Sympathetic nervous system; maintains resting body function. Parasympathetic cells only produce acetylcholine.

Question 8

Does GABA increase or decrease the firing of cells?

Answer 8

Decreases

Question 9

A second messenger is:

Answer 9

A chemical in the postsynaptic cell which is activated by a G Protein

Question 10

The Endocrine System consists of:

Answer 10

The glands scattered throughout the body that produce hormones

Question 11

Which gland controls the rest of the Endocrine System?

Answer 11

The pituitary gland or ‘master gland’

Question 12

Negative feedback

Answer 12

When blood levels of a particular hormone increase, the pituitary gland reacts to this by inhibiting the release of that hormone

Question 13

Contralateral

Answer 13

Info received in brain from opposite side of the body

Question 14

Ipsilateral

Answer 14

Info received in brain from same side of the body

Question 15

Anterior

Answer 15

Front. Otherwise known as Rostral.

Question 16

Posterior

Answer 16

Back. Otherwise known as Caudal.

Question 17

Medial

Answer 17

Toward the middle. Otherwise known as Mesial

Question 18

Lateral

Answer 18

Toward the side

Question 19

Ventral

Answer 19

On the bottom (inferior)

Question 20

Dorsal

Answer 20

On the top (superior)

Question 21

Afferent

Answer 21

Information going into the brain

Question 22

Efferent

Answer 22

Information going out of the brain

Question 23

Efferent

Answer 23

Information going out of the brain

Question 24

Transverse

Answer 24

Cutting into two pieces vertically, so you have a ‘front’ and a ‘back’ section. (different in spinal cord, where it’s cut straight through)

Question 25

Horizontal

Answer 25

Cutting through the middle so you have a ‘top’ and a ‘bottom’

Question 26

Sagital

Answer 26

Right down the middle, cutting the brain in half through the longitudinal fissure. Cuts it neatly into two hemispheres

Question 27

What’s a group of cell bodies called inside vs outside of the brain?

Answer 27

Inside - Nucleus

Outside - Ganglion

Question 28

What’s a group of axons called inside vs outside of the brain?

Answer 28

Inside - Tract

Outside - Nerve

Question 29

Dorsal root

Answer 29

In spinal cord - relays sensory info into spinal cord

Question 30

Ventral root

Answer 30

In spinal cord - controls muscles in the body