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Biological Psychology > Vision > Flashcards

Vision Flashcards

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1
Q

What wavelengths of electromagnetic radiationcan we see?

A

380-760 nanometres

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2
Q

Colour and brightness are?

A 
Colour = wavelength
Brightness = amplitude
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3
Q

Sclera

A

The tough white tissue covering the eye

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4
Q

Cornea

A

The small round window in the sclera

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5
Q

Aqueous Humour

A

Fluid that fills the front of the eye until reaching the pupil

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6
Q

Pupil and Iris

A

Pupil is the aperture of the eye. The iris is the ring of muscles that controls its wideness (controlled by autonomic nervous system)

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7
Q

Lens is controlled by?

A

Ciliary muscles

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8
Q

Vitreous Humour

A

The fluid inside the eye

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9
Q

Retina

A

The back of the eye, contains photoreceptors

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10
Q

Choroid

A

Black lining inside the eye

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11
Q

Photoreceptors

A

Located in the back of the retina. Consist of rods and cones.

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12
Q

Fovea

A

Spot at back of retina in which the majority of cones are located

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13
Q

Fovea

A

Spot at back of retina in which the majority of cones are located

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14
Q

Photopigments

A

Chemical in rods and cones the absorb light and transduce it into neural information

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15
Q

‘On’ bipolars and ‘off’ bipolars

A 
On = become more active (depolarise) to visual input
off = become less active (hyperpolarise) to visual input
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16
Q

where do Ganglion cells receive info from and project info to?

A

receive information from Bipolar cells, project to Optic Nerve

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17
Q

Horizontal cells

A

Interconnect photoreceptors (rods and cones)

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18
Q

Amacrine cells

A

Link between bipolar and ganglion cells

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19
Q

Pathway of light to optic nerve:

A

Light - Rods/cones - Bipolar cells - Ganglion cells - Optic Nerve

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20
Q

Optic Chiasm

A

Part where two optic nerves converge and visual information crosses to the other side of the brain (not all)

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21
Q

Optic Tract

A

although there are no synapses involved, the pathway coming out of the Optic Chiasm is called the Optic Tract

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22
Q

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

A

Gets information from optic tract and projects it to the Primary Visual Cortex, which is located in the Occipital lobe

23
Q

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

A

Gets information from optic tract and projects it to the Primary Visual Cortex, which is located in the Occipital lobe

24
Q

Parvocellular cells

A

in the geniculate nucleus. constitute the top 4 layers. Receive information mostly from the fovea

25
Q

Magnocellular cells

A

In the geniculate nucleus. Constitute bottom 2 layers. Receive information from periphery of retina.

26
Q

Optic Radiations

A

The pathway from the lateral geniculate nucleus to the primary visual cortex

27
Q

Primary Visual Cortex

A

It is here the information from both eyes is combined for the first time

28
Q

Receptive field

A

The area in which a response is generated within photoreceptors

29
Q

Simple cells

A

Detect straight lines, edges. Stimulus has to be in correct orientation and place in the receptive field

30
Q

Complex cells

A

Detect stimulus anywhere in the receptive field, provided it is in the correct orientation

31
Q

Hypercomplex cells

A

Detect stimulus of correct orientation and length (also called end-stopped)

32
Q

Orientation columns

A

moving vertically in visual cortex, simple, complex and hypercomplex cells all triggered by same orientation.

33
Q

Three different types of cone

A

Blue, Green and Red

34
Q

Three different types of cone

A

Blue, Green and Red

35
Q

Trichromatic Theory of colour vision

A

Three colour receptors; blue, green and red which, when combined, could detect any colour

36
Q

Opponent theory

A

Three colour receptors which detect opposites: Blue-yellow, red-green and black-white

37
Q

Cells in cytochrome blobs are sensitive to?

A

Colour (they are located in the visual cortex)

38
Q

450nm looks like?

A

Blue

39
Q

550nm looks like?

A

green

40
Q

600nm looks like?

A

Yellow

41
Q

700nm looks like?

A

Red

42
Q

Orientation detection is coded by:

A

Simple cortical cells

43
Q

Luminance contrast (edges) are first coded by

A

Ganglion cells

44
Q

scotopic vision

A

vision in the dark

45
Q

photopic vision

A

Vision under well-lit conditions

46
Q

Dorsal pathway

A

through the parietal lobes - spatial location of objects

47
Q

Ventral Pathway

A

through the temporal lobes - Visual recognition of objects

48
Q

Presbyopia

A

When the flexibility of the lens diminishes (what happens to old people)

49
Q

Myopia

A

When the lens fails to flatten (short-sightedness)

50
Q

Myopia

A

When the lens fails to flatten (short-sightedness)

51
Q

Parvocellular and Magnocellular cells are found?

A

In the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus - Parvocellular = top 4 layers, Magnocellular = bottom 2 layers

52
Q

Cortical modules contain

A

Orientation columns, ocular dominance columns and cytochrome blobs

53
Q

P Cells (Parvocellular)

A

Colour, contrast

54
Q

M Cells (Magnocellular)

A

Movement

Biological Psychology (12 decks)

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