Week 2 & 3

Question 1

What are the 5 main topics in week 2 and 3?

Answer 1

Nursing metaparadigm
Conceptual nursing model
Nursing 4 theoriests
Carpers 4 patterns of knowing and Emancipatory knowledge
nursing history - 4 eras

Question 2

What is nursing theory?

Answer 2

assumptions about concepts and their relationships

view of explaining, prescribing, and predicting phenomena

Each theory reflects a different lens of view and approach for client situations

Question 3

Who are the 4 theorist?

Answer 3

Florence Nightingale - 1859
Dorothea Orem - 1971
Sister callistos Roy -
Jean Watson - 1979

Question 4

Florence nightingale

Theory?

Answer 4

Practice-Based Theory

Conditions necessary to promote health and healing
- environment ,clean living areas, fresh air, and the presence of light

shifted the focus from disease to enviroment for healing

differentiated nursing from medicine

Question 5

Dorothea Orem
Theory?
5 care requisites?

Answer 5

Needs Theory or Self-Care Theory

used in practice and research

responsible for universal self care requisites:

sufficient air, water, and food
…balance between activity and rest, and solitude and interaction
Providing for elimination process
Preventing hazards to life, functioning, and well-being
Promoting functioning to growth in social groups for human potential

health care system shift away from full responsibility for peoples health

Acknowledge the effects of lifestyle factors

Question 6

Sister Callisto Roy
Theory?
4 modes?

Answer 6

Systems Theory

client is an adaptive system

person is a biopsychosocial being in a changing enviroment

Depicts 4 modes of adaptation:
Psychosocial needs, self-concept, role function, and interdependence

explains the interconnectedness of human adaptation
conceptualizer role of the nurse in managing the stimuli

Question 7

Jean Watson

Answer 7

the individual is a totality and trans personal self

an embodied spirit; a transpersonal transcendent evolving consciousness; unity of mind body spirit; person-nature universe as oneness, connected”

nurses must deal with more than physical illness, they must attend to their primary function, which is caring

Caring infuses all aspects of the nurses role and draws attention to nursing acts as embodying an aesthetic that facilitates both healing and growing

Question 8

What is the purpose of Carpers 4 patterns of knowing

Answer 8

address the client holistically rationale practice

prevents nurse from only using empirical information

the meaning and value of nursing expertise

Question 9

What are the Carpers 4 Patterns of knowing

EAPE

Answer 9

Empirics Knowledge
Aesthetics Knowledge
Personal Knowledge
Ethics Knowledge

Question 10

Empirics knowledge

Answer 10

general laws and theories

describing, explaining, and predicting phenomena of situation

The goal of scientific research

Data collection (assessment of BP, reactions to medication, wound dressing)

Question 11

Aesthetics knowledge

Answer 11

Creating a genuine relationship to form trust, with creativity and personality, that involves knowledge and understanding

Listening to the patients preferences, Non-verbal communication, relaxers

Question 12

Personal Knowledge

Answer 12

Nurse use therapeutic self to accumulate experience with patient
experience are fundamental to the realm of personal knowledge

Must set a therapeutic relationship (goals, empathetic, time-limit, boundaries)

Knowledge driven from the depth and power of the interpersonal relationship with the client

Question 13

Ethics Knowledge? 7parts to code of ethics?

Answer 13

Canadian Nurses Association’s (CNA) code of Ethics values with own personal values

Driven by moral compass

Must act in a professional manner,sympathize with patients, do what is best for the patient

Promoting safe, compassionate, competent and ethical care
Promoting health and well-being
Promoting and respecting informed decision making
Honouring dignity
Maintaining privacy and confidentiality
Promoting justice
being accountable

Question 14

Emancipatory Knowledge (the 5th)

Answer 14

The social, economic and political component

Nurses are advocate for social injustices or changes in policies

examine why injustices are invisible, and right social and institutional wrongs

Self-reflection is critical

Must understand the persons situation and factors that affected it

Question 15

What are the 4 main nursing eras?

Answer 15

Curriculum 1900-1940
Research and Theory 1950-1970
Theory 1980-1990
Theory Utilization 2000-now

Question 16

Era of curriculum nursing knowledge?

Answer 16

expansion of curricula to include social sciences, pharmacology, and formal classes
(More nursing focused programs)

Nursing procedure were taught in large ward like classrooms called “nursing arts laboratories”
“Skills/simulations labs”

Goal:Specialized nursing knowledge and higher education

Question 17

Era of Research & Theory?

Answer 17

encouraged to learn how to conduct research

Lead to an emphasis on statistics and research methods

the developments in research influenced nursing education, emphasizing graduate education with nursing research courses.

Goal: Theory based studies to unify nursing knowledge base

Question 18

Era of Theory?

Answer 18

Fawcett proposed a metaparadigm of nursing knowledge for nursing, specifying discipline boundaries of person, environment, health, and nursing

Goal: Theories to guide practice & research

Question 19

Era of theory utilization?

Answer 19

The current era

Nurses uses philosophies, models, and theories for theory-based nursing practice

mid-range theories to guide research, practice and education

Goal: evidence based practice, quality care outcomes, best practices

However, theory development is essential for our progress as a profession.

Theory development is learned in nursing doctoral programs (PhD)