12 Determinants Of Health Flashcards
What are the 12 determinants of health?
IEEPSHSHPCGG
Income & Social Status Employment & Working Conditions Education & Literacy Physical Environments Social Environments Health services Social Support Networks Healthy Child Development Personal Health Practices & Coping Skills Culture Gender Biological/genetic Endowment
What is Income & Social Status?
Income/income distribution/social status
The most treated determinant, because it influences the other determinants
Lack of material resources that support health
Higher rates in poverty in the minority
(Single mothers, unattached nonelderly women and men, indigenous people, people of colour, people with disabilities, recent urban immigrants)
Higher levels of psychosocial stress, health threatening behaviours, premature death, chronic health problems, depression, malnutrition, low birth weight
What is Employment & Working Conditions?
Employment, working conditions, and employment security significantly affects physical, mental, and social health
Work provides financial resources, sense of identity and purpose, social contacts, and opportunities. For personal growth
Workplace stress is linked to increased risk of personal injuries, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, depression, and increases in tobacco and alcohol use
What is Education & Literacy? Health Literacy?
Literacy can influence health both directly and indirectly through use of services, personal health practices, income, work environments, and stress levels
Directly: reading, medication, safety instructions
People with low literacy are more likely to be unemployed, or unsatisfactory jobs
Causes higher stress and less preventative services
Those with higher education smokes less, physically active, access to healthier foods and physical environments
Health literacy is related but distinct concept that has evolved from an initial focus on functional literacy reading and math ability needed in everyday life that includes interactive and critical literacy
What is Physical Enviroments? Effect directly/indirectly?
Includes factors in the built environment such as housing, food security, and community planning as well. As factors in the natural environment, such as geography, environment quality, ands climate change
Lack of affordable suitable and adequate housing can affect health:
Directly - Presence of lead, asbestos, poor heating systems, overcrowding, dampness
Indirectly - through influence on other determinants
food insecurity is associated with multiple chronic conditions, distress, and depression
What is Social Environments?
The array of values and norms of society that influence in varying ways of the health and well-being of populations
Social stability, recognition of diversity, safety, good working relationships, cohesive communities that provide a supportive society that reduces or avoids risks to good health
Freedom form discrimination, and prejudice
What is Social Support Networks
Affects health, health behaviours, and health care utilization through practical, emotional, informational, and affirmation all support
Social isolation, exclusion, and lack of supportive relationships increases stress and vulnerability to disease directly and indirectly
Smoking, substance abuse, and overeating
Spouses, family, friends are major sources of support to encourage healthy behaviours (excercise diet) by providing emotional, affirmation all, and practical support, including child care and financial assistance
What is healthy Child Development?
Toxic Stress?
All determinants influence child development, but healthy child development is a seperate determinants because of its importance to lifelong health
The early life is critical for biological and brain development that shapes learning, behaviour, and health over the life course
Toxic stress has the potential to negatively architecture to brain development
What is Personal Health Practices & Coping Skills?
Coping skills help people face challenges without resorting to risk behaviours such as substance abuse
Risk behaviours: physical inactivity, poor nutrition, and tobacco use
Actions by which individuals can prevent diseases and promote self care, cope with challenges and make choices that enhance their health
these choices are greatly influenced by the socioeconomic environments in which people live, learn, work and play
What is Culture?
Influences people interactions with the health care system, their participation in prevention and health promotion programs, access to health information,health related life choices, and their understanding of health and illness
Language/cultural differences
What is Gender?
Men are more likely to..
Women are more likely to..
The array of society-determined roles, personality traits, attitudes, behaviours, values, relative power, and influence that society ascribes to the two sexed on a differential basis
Gender influenced health status, behaviours, care
Men are more likely to experience extreme forms of social exclusion and premature death
Women are more likely to suffer depression, stress, chronic conditions, and family violence
What is Biological/genetic Endowment?
Heredity is influenced by social and physical environments
Congenital defects caused by lack of prenatal care
Age is also a determinant
