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Fundamentals of Neurological structures > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Cerebrum

A

composes 80% of brain
composed of 2 cerebral hemispheres

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2
Q

4 regions of cerebrum

A

Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe

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3
Q

cerebral cortex & two primary cell types

A

where higher-level processing occurs
Granule cells
Pyramidal cells

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4
Q

Granule cells

A

Interconnects regions within the cortex

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5
Q

Pyramidal

A

Connects the cortex to other areas of brain and spinal cord

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6
Q

Association fibers

A

interconnect parts of the same hemisphere
associate with the same side

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7
Q

commissural fibres

A

Connect L and R AKA Corpus collosum

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8
Q

projection fibers

A

projects to other areas -> brainstem, spinal cord

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9
Q

Internal capsule

A

contains projection fibers from many areas

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10
Q

frontal lobe’s 2 major functions

A

motor -> voluntary movements
thinking/planning

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11
Q

How does the brain control the body?

A

Right hemisphere controls left side of body
Left hemisphere controls right side of body

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12
Q

Homunculus

A

number of motor neurons for different muscles in body

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13
Q

Fine motor areas have….

A

Most neurons (hands, mouth, tongue)

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14
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Movement

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15
Q

supplementary motor area

A

plans the movement
stores how to do motor activities (riding bike)

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16
Q

Apraxia

A

planning deficit

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17
Q

Broca’s area

A

motor part of speech

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18
Q

aphasia

A

language disorder
located on left part of brain

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19
Q

expressive aphasia

A

can’t say what they want to say, but know what to say

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20
Q

prefrontal cortex is in charge of

A

thinking
planning
organizing

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21
Q

Orbitofrontal cortex

A

regulates emotions/impulses

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22
Q

prefrontal syndrome

A

loss of regulation
more impulsive

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23
Q

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

A

General intelligence

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24
Q

General intelligence - what is it?

A

ability to take what someone’s saying and you are working through it
analytical thinking

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25
Q

ventromedial prefrontal cortex

A

connects thoughts to emotions
can choose to regulate
part of the limbic system

26
Q

injuries to ventromedial frontal cortex

A

may show apathy and have flat affect

27
Q

Flat affect

A

no emotional response

28
Q

parietal lobe

A

sensation
perception

29
Q

sensation and perception

A

signal and making sense of signal

30
Q

major functional regions of parietal lobe

A

primary somatosensory cortex
somatosensory association area (stereognosis)

31
Q

Primary somatosensory cortex

A

where you feel something

32
Q

somatosensory association area

A

making sense of feeling

33
Q

what does adding “association” to a term mean

A

making sense of whatever it is

34
Q

somatosensory cortex

A

hands/face/tongue
most sensory neurons b/c we use them to explore the environment

35
Q

sensory homunculus

A

how we explore our environment

36
Q

stereognosis

A

recognize by touch

37
Q

astereognosis

A

cannot recognize by touch

38
Q

unilateral neglect

A

sensation neglect
motor neglect

39
Q

Sensation neglect - where is it?

A

back of brain

40
Q

motor neglect - where is it?

A

front of brain

41
Q

parieto-temporal association cortex

A

abstract thought
posterior and inferior regions of parietal lobe

42
Q

occipital lobe

A

vision

43
Q

primary visual cortex controls…

A

always controls opposite side
sight

44
Q

primary visual association cortex

A

what I am seeing

45
Q

hemianopsia

A

loss of visual field L or R
damage to one side of visual cortex

46
Q

cortical blindness

A

whole visual field is dark
damage to both sides of cortex

47
Q

visual agnosia

A

can see it, but can’t make sense of what it is
damage to association area of brain

48
Q

primary auditory cortex

A

hearing

49
Q

auditory association cortex

A

what it means
what it is

50
Q

inferotemporal cortex

A

recognizing faces, objects, colours
bottom of temporal lobe

51
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

understanding language
receptive

52
Q

prosopagnosia

A

damage to inferotemporal cortex
can’t recognize people by their faces even if they know them

53
Q

Limbic system

A

olfactory cortex
amygdala
hippocampus

54
Q

Olfactory cortex

A

perception of smell

55
Q

Amygdala

A

involved with emotions (fear and anger)
accounts for increased HR BR BP when scared or mad

56
Q

Hippocampus

A

Memory (long term)
can make new neurons
stress makes it worse
exercise makes it better (brings blood to brain)

57
Q

Amnesia

A

can’t remember
anterograde
retrograde

58
Q

Anterograde amnesia

A

can’t remember anything now

59
Q

Retrograde amnesia

A

can’t remember anything from before the accident
can make new memories

60
Q

diencephalon - composed of 4 parts

A

thalamus
hypothalamus
epithalamus
subthalamus

61
Q

Thalamus

A

largest portion of diencephalon
sensory information, emotional responses
through brain

Fundamentals of Neurological structures (7 decks)

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