Week 1 Flashcards
PNS
peripheral nervous system
Everything else in the body!
CNS
Central Nervous System
Brain and spinal cord
what does the PNS and CNS regulate and control?
Body movement, HR, RR, BP
Detect sensation and facilitate thought, emotion and language
what does the Primary motor cortex do
voluntary movement
what does the primary somatosensory cortex do?
sensation
what does the broca do
motor speech
what does the wernicke do
understand speech
what does the primary visual cortex do
vision
what does the primary auditory cortex do
hearing
what does the frontal eye fields do
eye movement
Neuroplasticity
pruning of connection
adding connections
adaptable
Where can cells not regenerate?
brain and spinal cord
parts of the spinal cord
upper motor neurons (UMN)
Lower motor neurons (LMN)
What does the spinal cord do?
connects the brain to the PNS
PNS function
transmits motor info from the brain to the muscles
tells CNS about change
responds to brain’s signal
regulates body function (keeps you alive)
PNS nerves
Afferent nerves
efferent nerves
Afferent nerves
goes up the PNS (sensation)
Efferent nerves
goes down the PNS (motor)
controls muscle movement
four major regions of brain
cerebrum
diencephalon
brainstem
cerebellum
cerebrum
higher level thinking (grey matter (cell body)/white matter (myelin axons))
Cerebral cortex
corus callosum
limbic system
The brain as a whole
Cerebral cortex
grey part
cell bodies
corus callosum
connects both sides of the brain
limbic system
entire inside brain
emotions and memories in every part of the brain
touches every part of the brain
contains portions of all 4 anatomical lobes
large role in emotion and memory
diencephalon
through brain
thalamus/hypothalamus (relay center)
brainstem and the three major parts
contains life functions
midbrain, pons, medulla
cerebellum
balance and coordination
spinal nerve
PNS
sensory
motor
3 parts of spinal cord
dorsal
ventral
lateral
spinal cord - dorsal
back
sensation
spinal cord - ventral
front
motor
spinal cord - lateral
middle
autonomic
Meninges and 3 layers
connective tissue that covers brain and spinal cord
pia mater
arachnoid mater
dura mater
meningitis
swelling of brain
puts pressure on brain
carotid artery
supplies brain of all blood
circle of willis
Distributes blood in brain
blood flow in brain
anterior cerebral arteries
middle cerebral arteries
posterior cerebral arteries
dural sinus
drains into jugular vein, then goes back into heart
blood brain barrier
keeps bad stuff in your blood out of your brain
maintained by astrocytes
ventricles
spaces full of cerebrospinal fluid
two lateral ventricles
3rd and 4th ventricle
how the ventricle works
two lateral ventricles on each side of the brain
3rd ventricle is in the middle
travels down into 4th ventricle and spinal cord
two primary cell types
neurons
glial cells
Neurons
generate and transmit info
control body functions
allow for thoughts, emotions, memories
glial cells
support nerve cells
some insulated axons with myelin
Myelin
insulated sheath covering the nerves and spinal cord
types of ion channels
non-gated
gated
Non-gated ion
“Leak”
always open
ions travel freely in and out
gated ions
can close to prevent ion flow
open in response to a stimulus
depolarization
Na channels open
Repolarization
K channels open
Glial cells
supports cells of nervous system
types of glial cells
astrocytes
oligodendrocytes
microglia
ependymal cells
Schwann cells
Astrocytes
Supports
maintains blood brain barrier
oligodendrocytes
make myelin in CNS
ependymal cells
makes cerebrospinal fluid
microglia
defend the nervous system
Schwann cell
makes myelin in the PNS
assists in regeneration of PNS
cerebrospinal fluid
protects the brain and and spinal cord from rattling around
Astrocytes functions
regulates fluid surrounding neurons
helps axons find their “targets” during development
Spasticity
muscle is always tight, never relaxed
Guillain-Barre syndrome
attack myelin in the PNS
Multiple Sclerosis
myelin breaks down in CNS
AP slows down/doesn’t work
CNS if damaged doesn’t heal
synaptic pruning
removal of rarely fired synapses
brain is a “use it or lose it” system
can the PNS recover?
Yes, slowly
guided by Schwann cells
